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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Slow-light transmission in the metal-dielectric structure based on plasmon-induced transparency

Yundong Zhang, Jin Li, Hanyang Li, Cheng‐Bao Yao, Ping Yuan

Published Feb 21, 2014• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The slow light technology prompts the realization of the all-optical storage, by which one can store the information of different wavelengths at their corresponding locations. The induction of plasmon induced transparency (PIT) provides a reliable and easy implement way to achieve slow light transmission and optical storage on the nanometer scale. Meanwhile, the linewidth and position of the PIT can be adjusted by changing the parameters of materials and structures, rather than just depend on the atom level itself in Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). More importantly, it can also be integrated with semiconductor devices on the chip, which is an exciting expectation for optoelectronic integration. PIT technology can pave a new way to optical information processing.

DOI
10.1117/12.2047581

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The slow light technology prompts the realization of the all-optical storage, by which one can store the information of different wavelengths at their corresponding locations. The induction of plasmon induced transparency (PIT) provides a reliable and easy implement way to achieve slow light transmission and optical storage on the nanometer scale. Meanwhile, the linewidth and position of the PIT can be adjusted by changing the parameters of materials and structures, rather than just depend on the atom level itself in Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). More importantly, it can also be integrated with semiconductor devices on the chip, which is an exciting expectation for optoelectronic integration. PIT technology can pave a new way to optical information processing.
We propose a novel metamaterial structure to realize dispersionless slow light based on plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) at optical frequency. Simply by breaking the symmetry of the metamaterial structure, two electric excitation coupling to the magnetic resonance (EEMR) modes generate and interplay with each other resulting the formation of the PIT resonance. Due to the hybridization of the two EEMR modes, an ultrabroad flat-band as large as 15 THz with average group index of ~5 is obtained. The corresponding normalized delay-bandwidth product is 0.475, which indicates the prominent feature in light slowing down without distortion. The proposed metamaterial structure is promising for practical information storage, optical memory, and optical buffers design.
From quantum optics, we are familiar with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), particularly in association with ``slow light''. The plasmonic analogue, PIT, now also receives attention due to its potential applications in sensing, communication, and more. However, the conventional dipole-quadrupole coupling yields only a modest quality factor Q<100Q<100Q<100. Here controlling the QQQ factor of the Fano lineshape is not trivial. The authors demonstrate quadrupole-quadrupole interaction in engineered meta-atoms to control QQQ and attain Q>100Q>100Q>100, with the potential to reach 1000, bringing high-QQQ applications based on PIT one step closer.
We theoretically and numerically investigate a low-power, ultrafast, and dynamic all-optical tunable plasmonic analog to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in two nanodisk resonators side-coupled to a metal-insulator-metal plasmonic waveguide system. The optical Kerr effect is enhanced by the slow light effect of the plasmonic EIT-like effect and the plasmonic waveguide based on graphene-Ag composite material structures with giant effective Kerr nonlinear coefficient. The optical Kerr effect modulation method is applied to improve tuning rate with response time of subpicoseconds or even femtoseconds. With dynamically tuning the propagation phase of the plasmonic waveguide, π-phase shift of the transmission spectrum in the plasmonic EIT-like system is achieved under excitation of a pump light with an intensity as low as 5.85 MW/cm2. The group delay is controlled between 0.09 and 0.4 ps. All observed schemes are analyzed rigorously through finite-difference time-domain simulations and coupled-mode formalism. Results show a new direction toward the low power consumption and ultrafast responses of integration plasmonic photonic devices and all-optical dynamical storage of light devices in optical communication and quantum information processing.
The photonic analog of atomic electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) introduces a sharp resonance in transmission within a broad absorption profile. The rapid dispersion of these structures leads to critical photonic applications such as integrated optical delay lines. To date, experimental demonstrations of such analogs have relied on the measurement of the far-field spectrum. Here we present a near-field optical study of plasmon-induced transparency (PIT), a photonic analog with subwavelength-sized plasmonic resonators mimicking the bright and dark elements in EIT. Supported by numerical analyses, the optical near-field distributions at various wavelengths reveal the interference dynamics between the coupled bright and dark plasmonic resonators.
In this work, using finite-difference time-domain method, we propose and numerically demonstrate a novel way to achieve electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) phenomenon in the reflection spectrum by stacking two different types of coupling effect among different elements of the designed metamaterial. Compared with the conventional EIT-like analogues coming from only one type of coupling effect between bright and dark meta-atoms on the same plane, to our knowledge the novel approach is the first to realize the optically active and precise control of the wavelength position of EIT-like phenomenon using optical metamaterials. An on-to-off dynamic control of the EIT-like phenomenon also can be achieved by changing the refractive index of the dielectric substrate via adjusting an optical pump pulse. Furthermore, in near infrared region, the metamaterial structure can be operated as an ultra-high resolution refractive index sensor with an ultra-high figure of merit (FOM) reaching 3200, which remarkably improve the FOM value of plasmonic refractive index sensors. The novel approach realizing EIT-like spectral shape with easy adjustment to the working wavelengths will open up new avenues for future research and practical application of active plasmonic switch, ultra-high resolution sensors and active slow-light devices.
Slow light technique has significant potential applications in many contemporary photonic device developments for integrated all-optical circuit, such as buffers, regenerators, switches and interferometers. In this paper, we present an efficient coupling mechanism of an electromagnetically induced transparency like (EIT-like) effect in an all-dielectric nano-metamaterial. This EIT-like effect is generated by destructive interference between a radiative Fabry-Perot (FP) mode and a dark waveguide (WG) mode, which is based on a combined structure of a dielectric grating and multilayer films. The dark WG mode is excited by guided mode of dielectric grating instead of radiative FP mode. In analogy to the molecular transition process, the FP mode, guided mode and WG mode are denoted by excited states of |1〉, |2〉 and |3〉. The two coupling pathways of the EIT-like effect in our metamaterial are |0〉 → |1〉 and |0〉 → |2〉 → |3〉 → |1〉, where |0〉 is the ground state. The simulated resonant wavelength of WG mode is consistent with theoretical result. We further confirm this EIT-like effect through a two-oscillator coupling analysis. We achieve a group refractive index of 913.6 by adjusting these two modes coupling of the EIT-like effect, which is useful for developing slow light device. This work provides a valuable solution to realize electromagnetically induced transparency in all-dielectric nanomaterial.