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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Critical behavior of the isotropic ferromagnetic Heisenberg chain with arbitrary spinS

Kong-Ju-Bock Lee, P. Schlottmann

Published Jul 1, 1987• 20 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have extracted the leading low-temperature contributions to the specific heat and the magnetic susceptibility from the thermodynamic Bethe-ansatz equations of the SU(2) invariant ferromagnetic Heisenberg chain of arbitrary spin S. This extends previous analytic results for S=1/2 to other spin values. The critical exponent for the specific heat is \ensuremath{\alpha}=-1/2, that for the susceptibility is \ensuremath{\gamma}=2, and that for the correlation length is \ensuremath{\nu}=1. The susceptibility and the correlation length exhibit logarithmic corrections, reflecting the analogy to the Kondo problem. These logarithmic corrections are quenched by relatively small magnetic fields. In large fields the energy required to flip a spin gives rise to an exponential activation.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.36.466

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We have extracted the leading low-temperature contributions to the specific heat and the magnetic susceptibility from the thermodynamic Bethe-ansatz equations of the SU(2) invariant ferromagnetic Heisenberg chain of arbitrary spin S. This extends previous analytic results for S=1/2 to other spin values. The critical exponent for the specific heat is \ensuremath{\alpha}=-1/2, that for the susceptibility is \ensuremath{\gamma}=2, and that for the correlation length is \ensuremath{\nu}=1. The susceptibility and the correlation length exhibit logarithmic corrections, reflecting the analogy to the Kondo problem. These logarithmic corrections are quenched by relatively small magnetic fields. In large fields the energy required to flip a spin gives rise to an exponential activation.
We have extracted the leading low-temperature contributions to the specific heat and the magnetic susceptibility from the thermodynamic Bethe-Ansatz equations of the SU(3) invariant ferromagnetic Heisenberg chain of spin 1. The critical exponents for the specific heat, the susceptibility, and the correlation length are $\ensuremath{\alpha}=\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}=2$, and $\ensuremath{\nu}=1$, respectively. The susceptibility and the correlation length exhibit logarithmic corrections, which are quenched by relatively small magnetic fields. In large fields, the energy required to flip a spin gives rise to an exponential activation.
The thermodynamic Bethe-Ansatz equations for the isotropic ferromagnetic S=12S=\frac{1}{2}S=21​ Heisenberg chain have been solved numerically. At low temperatures, I find a power-law dependence on TTT for the specific heat and the susceptibility with critical exponents $\ensuremath{\alpha}=\ensuremath{-}0.49\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}=2.00\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$, and $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\simeq}\ensuremath{\gamma}$. The exponent $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ is compatible with effective spin waves and $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ are the exponents of the classical chain. Amplitudes and corrections to scaling are obtained and differences with previous results are discussed.
A detailed account of the results of the numerical solution of the thermodynamic Bethe-ansatz equations for the isotropic ferromagnetic S=(1/2) Heisenberg chain is presented. The extrapolation procedure used in approximating the infinite set of coupled nonlinear integral equations is discussed. The data for the truncated integral equations are analyzed in terms of a finite-string-size scaling. Analytic expressions for the free energy and susceptibility for T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0 are obtained. All the results are consistent with entropy S\ensuremath{\sim}(T/\ensuremath{\Vert}J\ensuremath{\Vert})1/2{)}^{1/2})1/2 and \ensuremath{\chi}\ensuremath{\sim} \ensuremath{\Vert}J\ensuremath{\Vert} / T2{T}^{2}T2 [${\mathrm{scrL}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$+(lnscrL)/scrL2{\mathrm{scrL}}^{2}scrL2+...]+O (${T}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3/2}$) , where scrL=ln(\ensuremath{\Vert}J\ensuremath{\Vert}/T), suggesting the existence of a marginal variable. The logarithmic corrections reflect the analogy to the Kondo problem.
A linear chain of S =1/2 spins with the isotropic Hamiltonian H = J Σ( S i x S i +1 x + S i y S i +1 y + S i z S i +1 z -1/4), ( J <0) , at low temperatures is studied numerically by solving a set of nonlinear integral equations which are derived from the Bethe Ansatz. We find that the free energy and susceptibility are both expanded in T/∣J∣\sqrt{T/|J|}T/∣J∣​ about T =0. The critical exponents are a =-1/2 and y =2. The coefficient of T 3/2 term in the free energy agrees with the spin wave theory with the accuracy of 0.1%. The coefficient of T -2 term in the zero-field susceptibility agrees with Fisher's solution of the classical Heisenberg model with the accuracy of 0.3%. The contribution from the second and higher order terms of the expansions in these thermodynamic quantities is not negligible in the region T /| J |>0.002.
We consider an exactly solvable two-chain quantum spin- model in a generalized form with enhanced spin frustration. This model is exactly diagonalized via Bethe's ansatz. The low-temperature specific heat of the system is obtained with and without a magnetic field, using the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equations. We also calculate the magnetic susceptibility in a sufficiently weak field, yielding typical logarithmic corrections. The spin frustration affects only the amplitudes in the magnetic susceptibility and the specific heat. This extends the previous results for a simple two-chain quantum spin model to the generalized one.
We investigate the low-temperature behavior of the integrable one-dimensional two-component spinor Bose gas using the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz. We find that for strong coupling the characteristics of the thermodynamics at low temperatures are quantitatively affected by the spin ferromagnetic states, which are described by an effective ferromagnetic Heisenberg chain. The free energy, specific heat, susceptibility, and local pair correlation function are calculated for various physical regimes in terms of temperature and interaction strength. These thermodynamic properties reveal spin effects which are significantly different than those of the spinless Bose gas. The zero-field susceptibility for finite strong repulsion exceeds that of a free spin paramagnet. The critical exponents of the specific heat ${c}_{v}\ensuremath{\sim}{T}^{1∕2}$ and the susceptibility $\ensuremath{\chi}\ensuremath{\sim}{T}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ are indicative of the ferromagnetic signature of the two-component spinor Bose gas. Our analytic results are consistent with general arguments by Eisenberg and Lieb for polarized spinor bosons.