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Applied Optics

Statistics of photoelectric pulses for Gaussian-Lorentzian light

Hideyuki Sonoda, Atsushi Kikkawa, Norihito Suzuki

Published Apr 1, 1978• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The practical treatment of statistics for Gaussian-Lorentzian light is studied theoretically and experimentally by using the time interval distribution of photoelectric pulses, which is derived in two approaches that are based on Markovian processes and the generating function of photon counting statistics, taking the experimental conditions into account. The limits of the validity of the Markovian assumption are made clear. In arbitrary light intensity it is valid experimentally to employ the practical generating function of photon counting distribution expressed as the product of an ideal generating function and a Poissonian one.

DOI
10.1364/ao.17.001006

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The practical treatment of statistics for Gaussian-Lorentzian light is studied theoretically and experimentally by using the time interval distribution of photoelectric pulses, which is derived in two approaches that are based on Markovian processes and the generating function of photon counting statistics, taking the experimental conditions into account. The limits of the validity of the Markovian assumption are made clear. In arbitrary light intensity it is valid experimentally to employ the practical generating function of photon counting distribution expressed as the product of an ideal generating function and a Poissonian one.
It is well known that the photocount distribution associated with the photoelectric detection of fluctuating light beams carries information about the probability density of the light intensity. In this paper, we present an exact solution to a problem of particular interest which arises in connection with the photoelectric detection of narrow-band Gaussian (thermal or pseudothermal) light, namely, the problem of determining the photocount distribution when the counting-time interval is not necessarily short compared to the coherence time of the light. The method developed in this paper is applied to the case where the spectral profile of the light is Lorentzian; it leads to an exact expression for the photocount generating function and it provides simple recurrence relations for the photocount distribution and for its factorial moments.
We study the photocounting statistics and the integrated intensity distribution of partially polarized Gaussian light. Expressions for the characteristic functions of the two distributions are obtained in terms of the eigenvalues of an associated integral equation. Closed-form expressions for these characteristic functions are derived for the special case when the spectral profile of the light is Lorentzian. Results from a numerical evaluation of the factorial moments of the number of photoelectrons in a given time interval and of the integrated intensity distribution are also presented.
It is well known that photoelectric measurements yield information about the statistical behavior of fluctuating light beams. The probability of n photoelectrons being ejected, in a fixed time interval, from the photosensitive surface of the photoelectric detector, upon which the light beam is normally incident, is a linear (Poisson) transform of the probability density for the intensity of the beam. With the help of some plausible assumptions, the present analysis provides solutions to the problem of inverting the Poisson transform, thus determining the probability density for the intensity from experimentally obtained photocounting distributions. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by an actual inversion of a typical experimental counting distribution. The technique is of particular interest in connection with efforts to understand the statistical behavior of optical fields, especially of laser fields.
This paper deals with the theory of the statistics of photoelectric counting experiments which involve NNN separate counting intervals. The main new results reported here are: (i) a simple formula for the NNN-fold cumulants of the intensity of Gaussian light; (ii) a detailed study of the relations between the NNN-fold cumulants of the integrated intensity and the cumulants of the NNN-fold photoelectric counts, for light of arbitrary coherence properties. These results are derived and discussed in the context of recent work by other authors.
A general formula is derived relating the generating function of the N-fold photoelectron counting distribution to the characteristic functional of the optical field. For a stationary Gaussian radiation field the generating function is expressed as an infinite product involving eigenvalues of a set of integral equations. The results of Bédard, Dialetis, and Cantrell are shown to hold as special cases. Addition of photoelectric counts from correlated Gaussian light is analyzed and the appropriate generating function is given.