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Journal of the Korean Physical Society

Ramsey effect of coherent population trapping in anti-relaxation-coated Rb vapor cells

Hyun Joon Lee, Han Seb Moon

Published Aug 1, 2013• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We examine experimentally and theoretically the Ramsey effects on the coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance in a paraffin-coated Rb vapor cell. The observed CPT spectrum in the Hanle configuration of the 5S 1/2(F = 2)−5P 1/2(F′ = 1) transition of 87Rb atoms consists of a narrow structure with a spectral width of 0.10 mG due to the wall-induced Ramsey effect and a broad structure with a spectral width of 23 mG due to the transit effect. Considering the velocity distribution of atoms and the number of wall-atom collisions, we numerically calculated the transmittance of the laser beam as a function of the longitudinal magnetic field. The experimental results of the CPT Ramsey interference were in good agreement with the theoretical results, and the dependences of the CPT Ramsey effects on the atom-laser interaction time were investigated in detail.

DOI
10.3938/jkps.63.890

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We examine experimentally and theoretically the Ramsey effects on the coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance in a paraffin-coated Rb vapor cell. The observed CPT spectrum in the Hanle configuration of the 5S 1/2(F = 2)−5P 1/2(F′ = 1) transition of 87Rb atoms consists of a narrow structure with a spectral width of 0.10 mG due to the wall-induced Ramsey effect and a broad structure with a spectral width of 23 mG due to the transit effect. Considering the velocity distribution of atoms and the number of wall-atom collisions, we numerically calculated the transmittance of the laser beam as a function of the longitudinal magnetic field. The experimental results of the CPT Ramsey interference were in good agreement with the theoretical results, and the dependences of the CPT Ramsey effects on the atom-laser interaction time were investigated in detail.
We investigated the switching between the transmittance and absorption of the 5S1/2(F=2)→5P1/2(F′=1) transition of Rb87 in a paraffin-coated Rb vapor cell in the Hanle configuration. When the laser polarization was changed from linear to circular, the coherent population trapping (CPT) spectrum, with a spectral width of 0.12 mG due to the Ramsey effect, transformed into a narrow absorption spectrum with a sub-milligauss spectral width of 0.2 mG. The CPT and narrow absorption spectra were numerically calculated for both polarizations by considering the degenerate magnetic sublevels of the 5S1/2–5P1/2 transition in the antirelaxation-coated atomic vapor cell. This narrow absorption spectrum was revealed to be magnetic-field-induced absorption due to the residual transverse magnetic field and preservation time of the ground-state coherent spin states.
The fast development of CPT applications and the need of good magnetooptical sensors result in an increased interest in the Coherent Population Trapping (CPT) resonances and the processes that determine their shape. In this work the shape and width of the CPT resonances are investigated in two different paraffin-coated Rb vapor cells from point of view of understanding the processes influencing the shape of the resonances and building of miniature and sensitive detector. The dependence of the shape of the resonances on the laser power is measured. Narrow resonances on three hyperfine transitions of the D1 87Rb line are registered. For explanation of the bright structure in the resonance shapes at low laser powers analysis of the influence of different processes is made.
The effect of wall-induced Ramsey interference on the electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) in an anti-relaxation coated vapor cell is studied in a four-level closed N-type atomic system. We show that the atomic coherence spontaneously transferred from the excited states to the ground states may interfere via the Ramsey sequence of the moving atoms with decoherence-free wall collisions. The spectral narrowing of the EIA resonance lineshape is induced by the Ramsey effect because of the long lifetime of the spontaneously transferred atomic coherence between the ground states. This calculated Ramsey EIA spectrum is in good agreement with the narrow EIA spectrum obtained experimentally in the anti-relaxation coated vapor cell.
We study the peculiarities of the coherent population trapping (CPT) dark resonance in atomic vapor confined in a finite-size cell. Taking into account the scattering of atoms on anti-relaxation coating of the walls, we analyze the line shape of the CPT resonance in 133 C s depending on various parameters, such as the width of laser radiation spectrum, the type of pumping, and the magnitude of static magnetic field for both lin || lin and l i n ⊥ l i n polarization schemes. We show that for different parameters, the dependence of the line shape on the size of a cell is different, i.e., different factors affect the CPT resonance nonadditively. Thus, in the case when CPT resonance is excited by a narrowband laser, the shape of the resonance weakly depends on the size of a cell due to the laser-induced narrowing effect. We also show that the distortion of the line shape of the CPT resonance caused by nonresonant hyperfine sublevels of atomic excited states is modified with the size of a cell. Our calculation reveals the important role of accounting for the hyperfine and Zeeman structure of atomic levels. We have shown that the contrast of the CPT resonance differs about 5 times from the prediction of the simple three-level Λ model. The obtained results can be used for the optimization of the quantum frequency standards based on the CPT effect. In the final part of the paper, on the basis of the shot noise approximation we estimate the short-term stability of such standards.
The ultra-narrow resonances achieved in coherent spectroscopy of alkali atoms originate from the destruction of the laser-induced coherence in the ground state. An anti relaxation cell coating preserves the coherence created and, consequently, the resonance narrows by almost two orders of magnitude. Coherence resonances are used in magnetic field sensors, atomic clocks, quantum informatics, ets. In this work, we investigate the features of the CPT resonance on the D1 87 Rb line obtained in fluorescence in paraffin coated cells. The transformation from a black to a bright resonance is found to depend on the laser power and the experimental geometry.