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Advances in Colloid and Interface Science

Spin-polarized atomic scattering: a new probe for dynamical spin correlation at surface and interface

E. Torikai

Published Sep 1, 1997• 3 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/s0001-8686(97)00024-9

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Light scattering by polarized atoms

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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics•Sep 1, 1993•1 citation
A spin-polarized triplet metastable helium (He*) beam has been used as a probe for surface magnetism, but changes in the spin state during scattering from a surface remain unclear. In the present study, we explored this issue by constructing an apparatus that allows us to direct a spin-polarized He* beam to a surface and measure the spin polarization of He* scattered from the surface. Magnetic hexapoles were used for both the beam polarization and the spin analysis. The results of the spin-dependent He* scattering experiments on clean Fe3O4{\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}Fe3​O4​(100), H-terminated Fe3O4{\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}Fe3​O4​(100), benzene-adsorbed Fe3O4{\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}Fe3​O4​(100), and nonmagnetic Cu(100) surfaces indicated that, although the spin direction of He* was mostly preserved during scattering from these surfaces, spin-flop scattering of surviving He* occurred with a probability up to approximately 0.1. Our results showed that the survival probability was higher when the spins of He* and the Fe3O4{\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}Fe3​O4​(100) film were parallel, which can be understood based on the lower He* resonance ionization rate for this spin orientation. Based on our findings, we estimate that a nonpolarized He* gas becomes 10% spin-polarized after a single collision with a clean Fe3O4{\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}Fe3​O4​(100) surface.
Abstract Spin-polarized atomic ensembles probed by light based on the Faraday interaction are a versatile platform for numerous applications in quantum metrology and quantum information processing. Here we consider an ensemble of Alkali atoms that are continuously optically pumped and probed. Due to the collective scattering of photons at large optical depth, the steady state of atoms does not correspond to an uncorrelated tensor-product state, as is usually assumed. We introduce a self-consistent method to approximate the steady state including the pair correlations, taking into account the multilevel structure of atoms. We find and characterize regimes of Raman lasing, akin to the model of a superradiant laser. We determine the spectrum of the collectively scattered photons, which also characterizes the coherence time of the collective spin excitations on top of the stationary correlated mean-field state, as relevant for applications in metrology and quantum information.