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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Stimulated globular scattering in photonic crystals

В. С. Горелик, Anna D. Kudryavtseva, Maria V. Tareeva, Nicolaii V. Tcherniega

Published Apr 6, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Novel nonlinear optical effect - stimulated globular scattering (SOS) - was discovered. SGS was observed both in forward and backward direction. Pure opal crystal consisting of the close-packed Si02 globes with diameter 200 nm, and crystal with pores filled with molecular liquid have been studied. Two Stokes components, shifted from the exciting light frequency by 0.4 - 0.6 cm-1 have been observed.

DOI
10.1117/12.739985

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Jan 28, 2005•1 citation
Novel nonlinear optical effect - stimulated globular scattering (SOS) - was discovered. SGS was observed both in forward and backward direction. Pure opal crystal consisting of the close-packed Si02 globes with diameter 200 nm, and crystal with pores filled with molecular liquid have been studied. Two Stokes components, shifted from the exciting light frequency by 0.4 - 0.6 cm-1 have been observed.
The characteristics of stimulated Raman scattering in benzene and carbon disulfide introduced in pores of globular photonic crystals—opal matrices formed from close-packed balls (globules) of amorphous quartz (silica)—have been experimentally studied. Stimulated Raman scattering spectra have been excited by giant pulses of the second optical harmonic (532 nm) of a YAG laser. The spectra have been recorded in the direction of mirror reflection from the (111) growth surface of a globular photonic crystal at various angles of incidence (10°–70°) of laser radiation. It has been shown that the threshold of stimulated Raman scattering decreases sharply (by more than an order of magnitude) at a certain angle of mirror reflection and additional Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman satellites appear in the spectrum. The observed sharp decrease in the threshold of stimulated Raman scattering has been explained by an increase in the spectral density of the electromagnetic field in the surface region of the photonic crystal because of the approach of the spectral position of the stopband of the photonic crystal to the exciting line (532 nm) under variation of the angle of incidence of pump radiation on the (111) surface.
The results of experimental and theoretical studies of the optical properties of globular photonic crystals – new physical objects having a crystal structure with the lattice period exceeding considerably the atomic size, are presented. As globular photonic crystals, artificial opal matrices consisting of close-packed silica globules of diameter ∼200 nm were used. The reflection spectra of these objects characterising the parameters of photonic bands existing in these crystals in the visible spectral region are presented. The idealised models of the energy band structure of photonic crystals investigated in the review give analytic dispersion dependences for the group velocity and the effective photon mass in a globular photonic crystal. The characteristics of secondary emission excited in globular photonic crystals by monochromatic and broadband radiation are presented. The results of investigations of single-photon-excited delayed scattering of light observed in globular photonic crystals exposed to cw UV radiation and radiation from a repetitively pulsed copper vapour laser are presented. The possibilities of using globular photonic crystals as active media for lasing in different spectral regions are considered. It is proposed to use globular photonic crystals as sensitive sensors in optoelectronic devices for molecular analysis of organic and inorganic materials by the modern methods of laser spectroscopy. The results of experimental studies of spontaneous and stimulated globular scattering of light are discussed. The conditions for observing resonance and two-photon-excited delayed scattering of light are found. The possibility of accumulation and localisation of the laser radiation energy inside a globular photonic crystal is reported.
Recent experimental and theoretical results on the optical properties of globular photonic crystals coauthored by the author are presented. The dispersion relation for electromagnetic waves in a 1D photonic crystal that simulates the properties of a selected direction in the globular photonic crystal is calculated. The spectral ranges that are characterized by the anomalous slowing of electromagnetic waves in the photonic crystal and correspond to the stop-band edges are determined. A method for the measurement of the transmission and reflection spectra of the broadband radiation in photonic crystals is proposed. The method enables one to find the characteristics of the stop bands. The features of the secondary emission that emerges in opals due to the UV and visible excitation are reported. The conditions for the low-threshold lasing in opals filled with rareearth elements are presented. The experimental results on the induced-globular light scattering are demonstrated. Such a scattering implies the coherent excitation of vibrational states of the globules in a globular photonic crystal. A new phenomenon (slow light scattering) which involves the excitation of slow photons (slowtons) that correspond to the stop-band edges of the photonic crystal is observed. The conditions for the measurement of the slow light scattering in opals excited using the ruby and nitrogen lasers are experimentally determined. The experimental and theoretical results open up the prospects for low-threshold nonlinear optical processes in material media.
Stimulated Raman Scattering in globular photonic crystals and globular photonic glasses at different diameters of globules (250 – 400 nm) with embedded molecular liquids is studied under excitation by nanosecond or picoseconds laser pulses. Substantial decrease of Stimulated Raman Scattering threshold was observed. Such phenomenon was explained as the result of laser radiation field increase in globular photonic structures due to photonic density of states enhancement near the edges of photonic stop bands of photonic crystals and due to Mie resonance or whispering gallery modes effect revealing in photonic glasses. Stimulated Raman Scattering threshold lowering as a result of light capture in globular photonic crystals and photonic glasses opens the way to new efficient laser sources created on the base of composite globular photonic structures. Experimental data on spectra of Stimulated Raman Scattering in light and heavy waters are presented. As sources of exciting light the powerful ultra short solid state laser pulses with 532.0 nm wavelength and giant pulses of Ruby laser (694.3 nm) have been used. Several Stokes and anti-Stokes satellites were observed. Libration modes have been excited and resulted in some additional Raman bands at low frequency region and also as combining tones.
A frequency-unshifted and backward stimulated scattering can be efficiently generated in one-photon-absorption free but two-photon absorbing materials. Using a number of novel two-photon absorbing dye solutions as the scattering media and nanosecond pulsed laser as the pump beams, a highly directional backward stimulated scattering at the exact pump wavelength can be readily observed once the pump intensity is higher than a certain threshold level. The spectral and spatial structures as well as the temporal behavior and optical phase-conjugation property of this new type of backward stimulated scattering have been experimentally studied. This stimulated scattering phenomenon can be explained by using a model of two-photon-excitation enhanced standing-wave Bragg grating initially formed by the strong forward pump beam and much weaker backward Rayleigh scattering beam; the partial reflection of the pump beam from this grating provides an positive feedback to the initial backward Rayleigh scattering beam without suffering linear attenuation influence. Comparing to other known stimulated (Raman, Brillouin, Rayleigh-wing, and Kerr) scattering effects, the stimulated Rayleigh-Bragg scattering exhibits the advantages of no frequency-shift, low pump threshold, and low spectral linewidth requirement.