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Physical Review A

Photon number distribution of detuned two-mode vacuum and excited squeezed states

Mordechay Y. Zahler, Y. Ben-Aryeh

Published Mar 1, 1992• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Lie-group methods are used for analyzing the photon number distribution of detuned two-mode squeezed states. The effects of the detuning on the vacuum and excited two-mode squeezed states are analyzed and found to be similar to those obtained previously for the degenerate case. Correlations between the radiations in the two modes are described and found to decrease as a function of the detuning parameters.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.45.3194

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Lie-group methods are used for analyzing the photon number distribution of detuned two-mode squeezed states. The effects of the detuning on the vacuum and excited two-mode squeezed states are analyzed and found to be similar to those obtained previously for the degenerate case. Correlations between the radiations in the two modes are described and found to decrease as a function of the detuning parameters.
A quantum-mechanical treatment is developed, by using the Lie Group methods, for the properties of the detuned degenerate, vacuum, and excited squeezed-states photon number distribution. For a vacuum squeezed state, the detuning decreases the average photon number without changing the semichaotic distribution. In addition, an oscillatory behavior of the photon pair probability as a function of the detuning parameter appears below threshold. For an excited squeezed state, the photon number distribution, including its oscillatory characteristic at resonance, is strongly affected by the detuning. In addition to a continuous relaxation of the oscillations toward a Poissonian-like shape, there is also a very sensitive movement of the oscillations' peaks, depending on a detuning produced phase.
In this paper, the two-mode excited squeezed vacuum state (TESVS) is studied by using the statistical method. By calculating the normalization of the TESVS, a new form of Jacobi polynomials and some new identities are obtained. The photon number distribution of the TESVS is given and it is a simple form of Jacobi polynomials. Using the entangled state representation of Wigner operator, the Wigner function of the TESVS is obtainded and the variations of the Wigner function with the parameters m, n, and r are discussed. Here from the phase space point of view the TESVS can be well interpreted and described.
We investigate the statistical properties of the photon-subtractions from the two-mode squeezed vacuum state and its decoherence in a thermal environment. It is found that the state can be considered as a squeezed two-variable Hermite polynomial excitation vacuum and the normalization of this state is the Jacobi polynomial of the squeezing parameter. The compact expression for Wigner function (WF) is also derived analytically by using the Weyl ordered operators' invariance under similar transformations. Especially, the nonclassicality is discussed in terms of the negativity of WF. The effect of decoherence on this state is then discussed by deriving the analytical time evolution results of WF. It is shown that the WF is always positive for any squeezing parameter and photon-subtraction number if the decay time exceeds an upper bound (}$κt>{1/2}\ln \frac{2\bar{n}+2}{2\bar{n}+1}).
We introduce states a † m | ξ ⟩ and a m | ξ ⟩, where| ξ ⟩ is a two-mode squeezed vacuum state. We examine the properties of these states by analytic derivation. Because of the entanglement between the modes of the field, photon adding (or substracting) for one of the modes results in interesting outcomes. For a two-mode squeezed vacuum state, the effect of annihilation of m a-photons is just the same as creation of m b-photons. Annihilation of photons of mode a (or mode b ) actually increases the mean number of photons of mode a and mode b . We also calculate Mandel Q parameter, cross-correlation function and squeezing of the field.
We have studied the statistical and squeezing properties of the Two-mode squeezed thermal light. We have calculated the mean of the photon number sum and difference, the variance of the photon number sum and difference, second order correlation function, the quadrature variance and quadrature squeezing, employing the Q function. We have found that the mean of the photon number sum for the two-mode squeezed thermal light is the sum of the means of the photon number sum of the separate modes and the photon statistic is super Poissonian. And the photon number of a two-mode squeezed thermal light is correlated and we have seen that the two-mode squeezed thermal light exhibiting the photon bunching effect. Moreover, the quadrature variance of the two-mode squeezed thermal light turns out to be the product of the quadrature variances of the two-mode thermal and two-mode squeezed vacuum states. The squeezing increase with increasing the squeeze parameter and with decreasing the mean photon number of thermal light.