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Lettere al nuovo cimento della societa italiana di fisica/Lettere al nuovo cimento

On the quantum fluid dynamics of dissipative systems

Antonio Boulhosa Nassar

Published Dec 1, 1984• 3 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/bf02748387

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The coexistence of quantum coherence, nonlinear fluid dynamics, and biomolecular π-fields within biological and nanoscale systems requires a unified mathematical description. Classical hydrodynamics alone fails to capture coherence propagation, while the linear Schrödinger equation cannot model dissipation, viscosity, or turbulence. Here, I introduce the Schrödinger–Navier–Stokes–π Unified Computational Framework, a novel equation set combining: the quantum phase field of the Schrödinger equation, the viscous and nonlinear transport of Navier–Stokes dynamics, the curvature-driven quantum π-potential, and a hybrid Hamiltonian–dissipative evolution capturing both coherence and irreversible flow. This framework predicts quantum-fluid transitions, π-induced tunneling acceleration, coherence-enhanced mixing, nanoscale turbulence, and dynamic switching between classical and quantum transport regimes. It provides a general model applicable to biology, nanotechnology, photonics, and quantum materials. Keywords : Quantum Hydrodynamics Navier–Stokes Schrödinger Equation Unified Computational Framework π-field Dynamics Quantum Fluid Mechanics Hybrid Quantum-Classical Transport Coherence-Based Models Quantum Biology Nanoscale Transport Bio-Quantum Modeling Quantum Potential Quantum Fluid Engineering Biophysical Modeling Nonlinear Dynamics Computational Physics High-Order Numerical Methods Dissipative Quantum Systems Biomolecular Channels Quantum-Inspired Computing
Like many quantum fluids, superfluid helium-4 (He II) can be considered as a mixture of two miscible fluid components: an inviscid superfluid and a viscous normal fluid consisting of thermal quasiparticles [1]. A mutual friction between the two fluids can emerge due to quasiparticles scattering off quantized vortex lines in the superfluid [2]. This quantum dissipation mechanism is the key for understanding various fascinating behaviors of the two-fluid system [3,4]. However, due to the lack of experimental data for guidance, modeling the mutual friction between individual vortices and the normal fluid remains an unsettled topic despite decades of research [5-10]. Here we report an experiment where we visualize the motion of quantized vortex rings in He II by decorating them with solidified deuterium tracer particles. By examining how the rings spontaneously shrink and accelerate, we provide unequivocal evidences showing that only a recent theory [9] which accounts for the coupled motion of the two fluids with a self-consistent local friction can reproduce the observed ring dynamics. Our work eliminates long-standing ambiguities in our theoretical description of the vortex dynamics in He II, which will have a far-reaching impact since similar mutual friction concept has been adopted for a wide variety of quantum two-fluid systems, including atomic Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) [11,12], superfluid neutron stars [13-15], and gravity-mapped holographic superfluid [16,17].
A large ensemble of quantum vortices in a superfluid may itself be treated as a novel kind of fluid that exhibits anomalous hydrodynamics. Here we consider the dynamics of vortex clusters under thermal friction and present an analytic solution that uncovers a new universality class in the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of dissipative superfluids. We find that the long-time dynamics of the vorticity distribution is universal in the form of an expanding Rankine vortex (i.e., top-hat distribution) independent of initial conditions. This highlights a fundamentally different decay process to classical fluids, where the Rankine vortex is forbidden by viscous diffusion. Numerical simulations of large ensembles of point vortices confirm the universal expansion dynamics and further reveal the emergence of a frustrated lattice structure marked by strong correlations. We present experimental results of expanding vortex clusters in a quasi-two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate that are in excellent agreement with the vortex fluid theory predictions, demonstrating that the signatures of vortex fluid theory can be observed with as few as N∼11 vortices. Our theoretical, numerical, and experimental results establish the validity of the vortex fluid theory for superfluid systems.