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Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Physical Interpretation of Damage Spreading Phenomena

Tetsuhiko Chikyu

Published Feb 15, 1997• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Damage spreading phenomena are defined artificially in the dynamics of the Ising spin systems in computer simulation. Random numbers used in computer simulations play a role to evolve the system to thermal equilibrium states. When the dynamics is taken not only as an artificial tool which realizes an equilibrium state but also as some physical process, damage spreading phenomena can be interpreted as physical objects. It is a main aim to give a concrete physical image to damage spreading phenomena which is artificially defined in original. Key property is a response for thermal noise by the interaction with a heat bath. Damage spreading as a phenomenon in time series is related with a spatial property in the percolation image of the Ising model by interpreting the Fortuin-Kasteleyn representation as a percolation image of the Ising models. This time-space relation reveals the essence of damage spreading as critical phenomena in physical systems.

DOI
10.1143/jpsj.66.360

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Europhysics Letters (EPL)•Feb 15, 1989•117 citations
Damage spreading phenomena are defined artificially in the dynamics of the Ising spin systems in computer simulation. Random numbers used in computer simulations play a role to evolve the system to thermal equilibrium states. When the dynamics is taken not only as an artificial tool which realizes an equilibrium state but also as some physical process, damage spreading phenomena can be interpreted as physical objects. It is a main aim to give a concrete physical image to damage spreading phenomena which is artificially defined in original. Key property is a response for thermal noise by the interaction with a heat bath. Damage spreading as a phenomenon in time series is related with a spatial property in the percolation image of the Ising model by interpreting the Fortuin-Kasteleyn representation as a percolation image of the Ising models. This time-space relation reveals the essence of damage spreading as critical phenomena in physical systems.
“Damage spreading” is a useful tool for determining equilibrium thermal properties from Monte Carlo simulations of Ising models. Formal exact relations relate static equilibrium properties, e.g. the correlation function, to the equilibrium damage. Similar exact relations also relate the time-dependent correlation function to the time-dependent damage. However, some results such as the direct determination of the characteristic time, τ, from damage spreading appear to be at odds with that reported in the literature by more traditional models. We show that some of these discrepancies, but not all, may be resolved by taking the appropriate scaling function into account.
The computer simulations of the critical dynamics of the structurally disordered three-dimensional Ising model are performed by the damage spreading method. For the systems with spin densities p = 0.6 and 0.8, we calculate the critical temperature and dynamic critical exponent z characterizing the behavior of relaxation properties near the critical point. The analysis of the results demonstrates the nonuniversality of the critical dynamics in the disordered Ising model. To interpret such dynamics, we introduce the concept of two universal types of critical behavior corresponding to weak and strong disorder, respectively.
The nearest-neighbor-interaction spin-1 Ising model is investigated within the damage-spreading approach. Exact relations involving quantities computable through damage-spreading simulations and thermodynamic properties are derived for such a model, defined in terms of a very general Hamiltonian that covers several spin-1 models of interest in the literature. Such relations presuppose translational invariance and hold for any ergodic dynamical procedure, leading to an efficient tool for obtaining thermodynamic properties. The implementation of the method is illustrated through damage-spreading simulations for the ferromagnetic spin-1 Ising model on a square lattice. The two-spin correlation function and the magnetization are obtained, with precise estimates of their associated critical exponents and of the critical temperature of the model, in spite of the small lattice sizes considered. These results are in good agreement with the universality hypothesis, with critical exponents in the same universality class of the spin- 12 Ising model. The advantage of the present method is shown through a significant reduction of finite-size effects by comparing its results with those obtained from standard Monte Carlo simulations.
The authors study damage spreading in the Ising model, on a square lattice, by a Monte Carlo approach, using a general 'f-dynamics' (0<or=f<or=1) which reproduces, for f=0 the well known heat-bath dynamics and for f=1 Glauber dynamics. They find, for initially small damage, a critical value f c =0.50+or-0.03 as the threshold for damage spreading. For f c <f<or=1 the damage is non-zero only for T c <T<T 0 (f), where T c is the usual critical temperature and T 0 (f) rises with f like T 0 (f)-T c infinity (f-f c ) alpha ( alpha =0.83+or-0.08). For T c <or=T the damage D(T,f) seems to satisfy the scaling relation D(T,f) approximately mod 1n(f-f c ) mod -1 T((1-T c /T)/(f-f c ) alpha ).
We investigate the damage or Hamming distance between two configurations of Ising spins. We find an exact relation between the difference of the two possible types of damage and the spin-spin correlation function, which is generally valid. For the specific case of ferromagnetic interactions, heat bath dynamics and same sequence of random numbers, this relation involves only one type of damage. The susceptibility and the magnetization can also be expressed in terms of the damage. Numerical determination of the damage for the 2 d Ising model is not only an efficient way to calculate correlation functions but also gives access to spin fluctuations visualized as clusters of damaged sites which have a fractal dimension d −β/ν at T c and whose size distribution is also related to static exponents.