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International Conference on Security of Information and Networks (SIN)

Secure true random number generator in WLAN/LAN

Alexander G. Chefranov, Seyed Masoud Alavi Abhari, Hooman Alavizadeh, Maryam Farajzadeh Zanjani

Published Nov 26, 2013• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Wireless networks need more security in comparison to the other networks due to their intrinsic vulnerabilities to possible attacks. It is expected that by using a distributed method for true random number generators (TRNG) in wireless sensor networks (WSN) and wireless LAN (WLAN) randomness quality of generated numbers can be enhanced. We analyze a protocol for a distributed TRNG named ScatterLight (L. R. Giuseppe, M. Fabrizio and O. Marco, 2011) for a WSN. After making some changes on ScatterLight structure and physical data sources, the Enhanced ScatterLight protocol is introduced; it provides secure and high qualified true random numbers. Thus, the quality of randomness of obtained random numbers using National Institute of Standards and Technology tests is evaluated. Finally, by analyzing the results, it can be conducted that Enhanced ScatterLight protocol in comparisons with ScatterLight protocol in WLAN and LAN provides 60% and 53% better randomness quality respectively, while the performance is equal in both protocols.

DOI
10.1145/2523514.2527098

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Wireless networks need more security in comparison to the other networks due to their intrinsic vulnerabilities to possible attacks. It is expected that by using a distributed method for true random number generators (TRNG) in wireless sensor networks (WSN) and wireless LAN (WLAN) randomness quality of generated numbers can be enhanced. We analyze a protocol for a distributed TRNG named ScatterLight (L. R. Giuseppe, M. Fabrizio and O. Marco, 2011) for a WSN. After making some changes on ScatterLight structure and physical data sources, the Enhanced ScatterLight protocol is introduced; it provides secure and high qualified true random numbers. Thus, the quality of randomness of obtained random numbers using National Institute of Standards and Technology tests is evaluated. Finally, by analyzing the results, it can be conducted that Enhanced ScatterLight protocol in comparisons with ScatterLight protocol in WLAN and LAN provides 60% and 53% better randomness quality respectively, while the performance is equal in both protocols.
In recent years, the considerable progress of miniaturization and the consequent increase of the efficiency of digital circuits has allowed a great diffusion of the wireless sensor network technology. This has led to the growth of applications and protocols for applying these networks to several scenarios, such as the military one, where it is essential to deploy security protocols in order to prevent opponents from accessing the information exchanged among sensor nodes. This paper analyzes security issues of data processed by the WSN and describes a system able to generate sequences of random numbers, which can be used by security algorithms and protocols. The proposed True Random Number Generator (TRNG) exploits measurements obtained from sensor nodes, in order to allow every node to produce random data upon request, without involving a trusted third party. The proposed TRNG behavior has been tested by carrying out the NIST tests, and the obtained experimental results indicate the high degree of randomness of the produced numbers.
Summary The increasing adoption of wireless sensor networks as a flexible and inexpensive tool for the most diverse applications, ranging from environmental monitoring to home automation, has raised more and more attention to the issues related to the design of specifically customized security mechanisms. The scarcity of computational, storage, and bandwidth resources cannot definitely be disregarded in such context, and this makes the implementation of security algorithms particularly challenging. This paper proposes a security framework for the generation of true random numbers, which are paramount as the core building block for many security algorithms; the intrinsic nature of wireless sensor nodes and their capability of reliably providing measurements of environmental quantities make them natural candidates as true random number generators. In order to provide robustness to common attacks, we additionally devised a protocol aimed at obscuring the actual source of data, by making nodes cooperate with their neighbors. Furthermore, we describe an enhanced version of our framework consisting in an optimization for use in the context of resource‐constrained systems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
This paper presents a lightweight true random number generator (TRNG) using beta radiation that is useful for Internet of Things (IoT) security. In general, a random number generator (RNG) is required for all secure communication devices because random numbers are needed to generate encryption keys. Most RNGs are computer algorithms and use physical noise as their seed. However, it is difficult to obtain physical noise in small IoT devices. Since IoT security functions are required in almost all countries, IoT devices must be equipped with security algorithms that can pass the cryptographic module validation programs of each country. In this regard, it is very cumbersome to embed security algorithms, random number generation algorithms, and even physical noise sources in small IoT devices. Therefore, this paper introduces a lightweight TRNG comprising a thin-film beta-radiation source and integrated circuits (ICs). Although the ICs are currently being designed, the IC design was functionally verified at the board level. Our random numbers are output from a verification board and tested according to National Institute of Standards and Technology standards.
Random numbers are of vital importance in today’s world and used for example in many cryptographical protocols to secure the communication over the internet. The generators producing these numbers are Pseudo Random Number Generators (PRNGs) or True Random Number Generators (TRNGs). A subclass of TRNGs are the Quantum based Random Number Generators (QRNGs) whose generation processes are based on quantum phenomena. However, the achievable quality of the numbers generated from a practical implementation can differ from the theoretically possible. To ease this negative effect post-processing can be used, which contains the use of extractors. They extract as much entropy as possible from the original source and produce a new output with better properties. The quality and the different properties of a given output can be measured with the help of statistical tests. In our work we examined the effect of different extractors on two QRNG outputs and found that witg the right extractor we can improve their quality.
The pursuit of hardware-based security solutions has highlighted the true random number generator (TRNG). Various physical phenomena, from noise generation to quantum physics complexities, have been explored for random number generation. The arc discharge light-induced TRNG (ALTRNG) is introduced, featuring wavelength-dependent photocurrent generation and arc discharge irradiation. A bipolar photo-responsive photodetector (BPPD) differentiates "1" and "0" states, producing highly random bits validated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 15 tests. The BPPD's response to deep-ultraviolet (DUV) and blue light enables distinct photocurrent generation under arc discharge illumination. The ALTRNG generates true random signals, yielding bit streams with unpredictability, uniform distribution, and stability. With a readout circuit achieving 2-kbps, wireless random number transmission is demonstrated, highlighting potential for secure password systems and artificial X-ray image generation.
Secure data transmission depends on unpredictable cryptographic keys. Conventional pseudorandom number generators are deterministic and vulnerable to prediction. This work proposes a Quantum True Random Number Generator (Q-TRNG) that uses quantum superposition and noise to produce truly random numbers. The generated quantum entropy is converted into high-quality random bits and applied to secure encryption, improving confidentiality and resistance to attacks. The proposed system offers a reliable and future- ready solution for quantum-grade secure communication.