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Applied Physics Letters

Efficient wavelength shifting over the erbium amplifier bandwidth via cascaded second order processes in lithium niobate waveguides

Katia Gallo, Gaetano Assanto, G. I. Stegeman

Published Aug 25, 1997• 106 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate two schemes for wavelength conversion based on the cascading of two successive second order processes in a quasi-phase-matched lithium niobate channel waveguide. Efficient conversion over the full erbium amplifier bandwidth is possible with a single multi-hundred milliwatt pump laser operating around 1.55 μm.
DOI
10.1063/1.119714

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We report the single-to-multiple channel wavelength conversions of 1.57-ps pulses based on cascaded second-harmonic generation and difference frequency generation in quasi-phase-matched periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides. For single-to-single channel wavelength conversion, no external cavity laser is required with use of a fibre ring laser. The conversion efficiency is about -21.44 dB. The converted idler wavelength can be tuned from 1526.4 nm to 1537.5 nm as the lasing pump wavelength is varied from 1566.1 nm to 1555.0 nm. By employing several input pumps, tunable single-to-dual and single-to-triple channel wavelength conversions are experimentally demonstrated.
We report a wavelength converter based on linearly chirped gratings in a lithium niobate crystal through cascaded second-order nonlinear processes. The influence of the chirp coefficient on the conversion bandwidth and the efficiency is analysed. The exact phase matching point is optimized at the 0.33 times of the waveguide total length. When the waveguide length is 3 cm, the bandwidth of the linearly chirped grating increases 42% with the efficiency penalty of 1.7 dB compared with the periodic grating. At the same mean conversion efficiency of -1.4 dB via adjusting the waveguide total lengths, the bandwidth of the linearly chirped grating is 36% broader than the periodic grating.
We report on wavelength-shifting based on cascaded second-order nonlinearities1 in periodically-poled lithium niobate. Wavelength shifting from a signal s at λs=λp+Δ to a frequency-shifted signal f at λf=λp−Δ is obtained under the action of a pump p at λp: the effect is realized through the generation of the second harmonic (sh) of p and subsequent parametric amplification of s driven by sh. In the latter process f is also generated. Exploiting the advantages of quasi-phase-matching, efficient shifting is achieved at pump intensities about two orders of magnitude lower than in traditional second-order materials such as BBO.2