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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Elimination of nonlinear PM and FM noises in optical amplifier repeater systems by squeezer

Tsuyoshi Goto Sasaki, Tsuyoshi Satoh, Naoyuki Ubayama, Kouichi Yamazaki, Osamu Hirota

Published Nov 1, 1993• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Recently, noise phenomenon, so called Gordon-Haus effect, caused by nonlinearity of fiber and spontaneous emission from optical amplifier has received much attention. In general, it is very difficult to eliminate such an effect, because the Kerr effect of fibers and the spontaneous emission noise of a conventional optical amplifier are inherent in those physics. In this paper, we show that the Gordon-Haus effect can be perfectly eliminated by applying the squeezer which is studied in the research field of squeezed state.

DOI
10.1117/12.161351

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Recently, noise phenomenon, so called Gordon-Haus effect, caused by nonlinearity of fiber and spontaneous emission from optical amplifier has received much attention. In general, it is very difficult to eliminate such an effect, because the Kerr effect of fibers and the spontaneous emission noise of a conventional optical amplifier are inherent in those physics. In this paper, we show that the Gordon-Haus effect can be perfectly eliminated by applying the squeezer which is studied in the research field of squeezed state.
The authors clarify noise generation mechanisms due to optical fiber nonlinearity in laser amplifiers and squeezers in coherent communication systems, and discuss the mechanism of reduction of phase noise due to optical fiber nonlinearity by using a squeezer in optical coherent repeater systems. They show that considering the classical and the quantum behaviors of the Kerr effect separately makes it easier to understand the mechanism instinctively. They expect further technical development of squeezer in order to realize long-haul coherent communications systems. >
The eigenvalue of the eigenvalue equation associated to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation is constant regardless of the propagation distance, so it’s an ideal information carrier that is not affected by the dispersion and the nonlinearity of optical fiber. However, the eigenvalue is affected by noise added to the signal. In this paper, we study the influence of the amplified spontaneous emission noise caused by optical amplifiers inserted at equal intervals in optical transmission system. The theoretical analysis result is consistent with computer simulated and experimental results.
Generation of light with nonclassical properties, such as squeezed light, has gathered a lot of attention because of possible uses in such areas as quantum state engineering, quantum imaging, continuous variable quantum computing, and detection of gravitational waves. Squeezed light is generally produced by transporting light through a nonlinear medium. One such media is Kerr-nonlinear optical fibres. We aim to find the parameters for a fibre polarization squeezing setup by studying the dependencies of quantum noise suppression on the duration of the pulse and the input power. This is performed by modeling the light field propagation using the split-step Fourier method to numerically solve the stochastic nonlinear Schrödinger equation obtained by using the Wigner representation. This equation includes such physical effects as damping, quantum loss noise, dispersion, Kerr and Raman nonlinearities, and stochastic Raman noise.
Gordon and Mollenauer [ Opt. Lett.15, 1351 ( 1990)] have shown that the nonlinear Kerr effect limits the range of coherent communications systems using laser amplifiers. We show that parametric amplifiers avoid this limitation. Our method is novel in that we use quantum-optical master equations to model the communications systems. These are solved numerically for systems with either laser amplifiers or parametric amplifiers, with and without the nonlinear Kerr effect. Parametric amplifiers perform better because they preserve the signal-to-noise ratio and decrease the phase noise.
Spontaneous emission noise limits the capacity and range of photonic communications systems that use linear optical amplifiers. We consider here the question of phase detection in such systems. Amplitude-to-phase-noise conversion occurs owing to the nonlinear Kerr effect in the transmission fiber, resulting in optimal phase noise performance when the nonlinear phase shift of the system is approximately 1 rad. Error-free state-of-the-art systems that use phase detection at multigigabit rates are thereby limited to a range of a few thousand kilometers.