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Chinese Physics

The propagation of solitary waves in clouds of Bose–Einstein condensed atoms

Ao Sheng-Mei, Yan Jia-Ren

Published Jan 16, 2006• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The Gross–Pitaevskii equation which describes the motion of a Bose–Einstein condensed (BEC) atom in an elongated trap is solved analytically and a solitary-wave solution is obtained in the low-density case without neglecting the effect of the interatomic interaction on the transverse function. It is shown that this effect leads to the velocity of the solitary wave slowing down and the profile of the solitary wave widening.

DOI
10.1088/1009-1963/15/2/010

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The Gross–Pitaevskii equation which describes the motion of a Bose–Einstein condensed (BEC) atom in an elongated trap is solved analytically and a solitary-wave solution is obtained in the low-density case without neglecting the effect of the interatomic interaction on the transverse function. It is shown that this effect leads to the velocity of the solitary wave slowing down and the profile of the solitary wave widening.
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In this paper, we consider a Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation with a time-dependent nonlinearity and a spatiotemporal complex linear term which describes the dynamics of matter-wave solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with time-dependent interatomic interactions in a parabolic potential in the presence of feeding or loss of atoms. We establish the integrability conditions under which analytical solutions describing the modulational instability and the propagation of both bright and dark solitary waves on a continuous wave background are obtained. The obtained integrability conditions also appear as the conditions under which the solitary waves of the BECs can be managed by controlling the functional gain or loss parameter. For specific BECs, the dynamics of bright and dark solitons are investigated analytically through the found exact solutions of the GP equation. Our results show that under the integrability conditions, the gain or loss parameter of the GP equation can be used to manage the motion of both bright and dark solitons. We show that for BECs with loss (gain) of atoms, the bright and dark solitons during their propagation have a compression (broadening) in their width. Furthermore, under a safe range of parameters and under the integrability conditions, it is possible to squeeze a bright soliton of BECs with loss of atoms into the assumed peak matter density, which can provide an experimental tool for investigating the range of validity of the 1D GP equation. Our results also reveal that under the conditions of the solitary wave management, neither the injection or the ejection of atoms from the condensate affects the soliton peak during its propagation.
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The matter-wave solutions of Bose-Einstein condensates with three-body interaction are examined through the one-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation. By using a modified lens-type transformation and a further extension of the tanh-function method we obtain the exact analytical solutions which describe the propagation of kink-shaped solitons, anti-kink-shaped solitons, and other families of solitary waves. We realize that the shape of a kink solitary wave depends on both the scattering length and the parameter of atomic exchange with the substrate. The stability of the solitary waves is examined using analytical and numerical methods. Our results can also be applied to nonlinear optics in the presence of cubic-quintic media.