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Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS)

An accurate measuring method for the transient oscillation frequency of detuned coherent population trapping atomic clock

Daiting Shi, Yeqing Li, Zhong Wang

Published Jul 1, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We proposes a method for measuring the transient oscillation frequency observed when Coherent Population Trapping is excited by means of optical pumping radiation fields whose frequency difference is detuned slightly from the ground state hyperfine frequency of the atom used. Using narrow-band simulation filter and phase matching techniques this measuring method can provides a measurement precision of about 0.5Hz. Based on this reading accuracy the DCPT atomic clocks frequency instability can be better than 5e-11 (t=100s) and tend to more stable at longer integration time. According to our experimental results, we demonstrate that a DCPT atomic frequency standard could give good short and long term frequency stability.

DOI
10.1109/eftf-ifc.2013.6702100

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We proposes a method for measuring the transient oscillation frequency observed when Coherent Population Trapping is excited by means of optical pumping radiation fields whose frequency difference is detuned slightly from the ground state hyperfine frequency of the atom used. Using narrow-band simulation filter and phase matching techniques this measuring method can provides a measurement precision of about 0.5Hz. Based on this reading accuracy the DCPT atomic clocks frequency instability can be better than 5e-11 (t=100s) and tend to more stable at longer integration time. According to our experimental results, we demonstrate that a DCPT atomic frequency standard could give good short and long term frequency stability.
We demonstrated a digitized atomic clock which is based on the transient oscillation of detuned coherent population trapping (DCPT). In the Λ structure atomic states system, the DCPT oscillation frequency exactly equals the absolute value of the frequency difference between the two pump laser fields minus the two ground states hyperfine splitting frequency. This DCPT atomic clock obtains the standard frequency by adding/subtracting the DCPT frequency from the laser modulation RF frequency. And it does not require a phase locking loop circuit to lock the standard frequency to the atomic transition. In addition, its data processing section can be easily digitized with high accuracy. The frequency instability of 1×10-11/τ1/2(τ=1000s) has been achieved.
We proposed a scheme to implement coherent population trapping (CPT) atomic clock based on the transient CPT phenomenon. We proved that the transient transmitted laser power in a typical Λ system near CPT resonance features as a damping oscillation. Also, the oscillating frequency is exactly equal to the frequency detuning from the atomic hyperfine splitting. Therefore, we can directly measure the frequency detuning and then compensated to the output frequency of microwave oscillator to get the standard frequency. By this method, we can further simplify the structure of CPT atomic clock, and make it easier to be digitized and miniaturized.
We have theoretically and experimentally proven that the transient transmitted laser power through a typical Λ system atomic cell near Coherent Population Trapping resonance presents as a damping oscillation. The oscillating frequency is identical to the frequency detuning from the atomic hyperfine splitting. Based on the transient coherent population trapping (TCPT) phenomenon, we have proposed an atomic clock in which the standard frequency is obtained by compensated the TCPT oscillating frequency to the RF modulating frequency. Therefore we do not need to lock the RF frequency. There will be advantages for atomic clock miniaturization and stabilization.
We demonstrate a synchronously stimulation method for achieving coherent population beating (CPB) atomic clock with the CPB signal which have continuous wave and higher signal-to-noise ratio. In this method we synchronously apply the coherent population trapping (CPT) resonant stimulating lights together with the detuned detecting lights to obtain continuous CPB oscillation signal. Under the stimulation, the ground state coherence is maintained and the problem of CPB signal decaying is solved, which is beneficial for the measurement accuracy of the CPB frequency and the stability of the clock. The table experimental system of the synchronously stimulated CPB clock has been experimentally implemented and a stability of 7.7 × 10-11at 1 second, 9.6 × 10-13at 1000 second was observed.
An all-optical microwave frequency standard based on coherent population trapping (CPT) in 85Rb is developed. The CPT resonances are detected by an ordinary edge-emitting diode laser in a simple optical setup. A buffer-gas mixture is carefully optimized to yield a narrow linewidth and a reduced temperature dependence of the resonance frequency. With the developed system we are able to measure ultranarrow optically induced hyperfine CPT resonances at <20 Hz, which is in good agreement with the linewidth calculated from experimental parameters. The frequency of an RF-signal generator has been stabilized to the CPT resonance between the two mF=0 magnetic sublevels. The relative frequency stability (square root of Allan variance) follows a slope of 3.5×10-11 τ-1/2(1 s<τ<2000 s). The best stability of 6.4×10-13 is reached at an integration time of τ=2000 s. This stability is sufficient for many high-precision applications. Frequency-shift measurements were made to evaluate the frequency dependencies on the operation parameters.
An accurate frequency control method and atomic clock based on the coherent population beating (CPB) phenomenon is implemented. In this scheme, the frequency difference of an rf and an atomic transition frequency can be digitally obtained by measuring the CPB oscillation frequency. The frequency measurement resolution of several milli-hertz can be achieved by using a 10 MHz oven controlled crystal oscillator as the reference. The expression of the Allan deviation of the CPB clock is theoretically deduced and it is revealed that the Allan deviation is inversely proportional to the signal-to-noise ratio and proportional to the line-width of coherent population trapping spectrum. We also approve that the CPB atomic clock has a large toleration of the drift of the local oscillator. In our CPB experimental system, a frequency instability of 3.0 × 10 −12 at 1000s is observed. The important feature of high frequency measurement resolution of the CPB method may also be used in magnetometers, atomic spectroscopy, and other related research.