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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Modulation of photon-echo intensities by electric fields: Pseudo-Stark splittings in alexandrite and YAlO3 : Er3+

Y. P. Wang, Richard S. Meltzer

Published May 1, 1992• 25 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We describe and demonstrate a method for performing ultrahigh-resolution optical spectroscopy in the time domain which utilizes modulations in the intensity of the two-pulse photon echo in the presence of a perturbation that splits the optical transition frequencies of two or more subgroups of ions. The method is applied to a measurement of the pseudo-Stark effect in alexandrite and ${\mathrm{YAlO}}_{3}$:${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$. Stark shifts of \ensuremath{\simeq}100 kHz are observed, but the technique is capable of resolutions 10 kHz in some systems.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.45.10119

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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters•Nov 1, 2012•10 citations
We describe and demonstrate a method for performing ultrahigh-resolution optical spectroscopy in the time domain which utilizes modulations in the intensity of the two-pulse photon echo in the presence of a perturbation that splits the optical transition frequencies of two or more subgroups of ions. The method is applied to a measurement of the pseudo-Stark effect in alexandrite and YAlO3{\mathrm{YAlO}}_{3}YAlO3​:Er3+{\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}Er3+. Stark shifts of \ensuremath{\simeq}100 kHz are observed, but the technique is capable of resolutions 10 kHz in some systems.
A method of high-resolution time-resolved optical spectroscopy using oscillations of the photon echo intensity in the presence of a perturbation, which splits the optical frequencies of the transitions of two or more ion subgroups, has been proposed and demonstrated. This method has been applied to systems in which the Zee-man effect is manifested. The transition frequencies of ions are switched by a pulsed magnetic field. Oscillations of the photon echo intensity were observed in LiLuF4:Er3+ and LiYF4:Er3+. The first minimum corresponding to the accumulated phase of the electric dipole moment π/2 is reached in the pulsed magnetic field with an amplitude of ∼2 G at a duration of 30 ns. The Zeeman splitting in this field is ∼10 MHz, which is much less than the laser spectral width (0.15 Å ∼ 9 GHz). The g factor of the 4 F 9/2(I) excited state of the Er3+ ion in the LiLuF4 matrix has been determined in zero magnetic field. The comparison with the g-factor value found from the measurement of the absorption spectrum in a magnetic field of 8 kG has been performed.
We report a spectroscopic method for precisely measuring the effects of very small energy-shifting perturbations such as the Stark effect, with subhomogeneous-linewidth resolution. This method combines the conventional 2-pulse photon echo or stimulated photon echo with an interferometric technique based on the manipulation of the optical phase of an absorbing species with the perturbing field. This is illustrated by the Stark effect on the 7^{7}7F0{\mathit{F}}_{0}F0​${\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}^{5}$D0{\mathit{D}}_{0}D0​ transition of Eu3+{\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}Eu3+:YAlO3{\mathrm{YAlO}}_{3}YAlO3​, where we measure a Stark coefficient of 33.7 kHz/V ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ with a resolution of 1.9 kHz.
A relative phase shift between the different groups of excited dipoles, which appears as result of its frequency splitting due to action of a pulse of electric or magnetic fields, depends on a time, if the pulse overlaps in time with echo-pulse. As а consequence, the echo waveform is changed. The echo time form is modulated. The inverse modulation period well enough approximates Zeeman and pseudo-Stark splitting in the cases of magnetic and, therefore, electrical fields. Thus the g-factors of ground 4I15/2 and excited 4F9/2 optical states of Er3+ ion in LuLiF4 and YLiF4 have been measured and pseudo-Stark shift of R1 line in ruby has been determined.
A spectroscopy method has been proposed involving a change in the time shape of the echo signal in the presence of a perturbation, which splits the frequencies of the transitions of two or more ion subgroups of the echo-active ions. This method has been applied to optical systems in which the Zeeman effect is manifested. The ion transition frequencies of ions are switched by a weak pulsed magnetic field acting during the time of the radiation of the photon echo pulse. The modulation of the photon echo signal shape was observed in LuLiF4:Er3+ and YLiF4:Er3+. The time interval between the two nearest minima corresponds to the accumulated phase of the electric dipole moment π and makes it possible to determine the difference of the g factors of the ground and excited 4 F 9/2(I) states of the Er3+ ion in the LuLiF4 the YLiF4 matrices for the known amplitude of the pulsed magnetic field. It has been shown that the echo response of the system can be programmed by the weak magnetic field pulses.