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Colloid & Polymer Science

Photon trapping by the internal Bragg reflection of colloidal crystals

Kiyoshi Shibata, Takayuki Yamamoto, Masahiko Kurita, Hiroshi Kimura, Akira Tsuchida, Tsuneo Okubo

Published Jan 26, 2006• 13 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s00396-005-1454-7

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We have measured spectrally resolved fluorescence lifetimes of dye incorporated in high-quality photonic crystals, made of colloidal spheres. The emission spectrum shows a pronounced Bragg notch. In contrast, the fluorescence lifetime does not depend on the interaction between light and the photonic crystal. The results are explained with a simple model of an atom in a cavity. The effects of homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening of the emission spectrum of dye inside photonic crystals are discussed.
Quantum emitters trapped near photonic crystal waveguides have recently emerged as an exciting platform for realizing novel quantum matter-light interfaces. Here, we study tunable photon scattering in a photonic crystal waveguide coupled to an atom dimer with an arbitrary spatial separation. In the weak-excitation regime, we give the energy levels and their decay rates into the waveguide modes in the dressed basis, which both depend on the distance between the two atoms. We focus on the Bragg case and anti-Bragg case, where subradiant and superradiant states are produced and perfect transmission with a $\ensuremath{\pi}$ phase shift may occur on resonance. We observe quantum beats in the photon-photon correlation function of the reflected field in the anti-Bragg case. Moreover, the frequencies of quantum beats can be controlled due to the tunability of the bound states via the dispersion engineering of the structure. We also observe directional photon emission in the anti-Bragg case and give the dynamic mechanism of the perfect transmission. We quantify the effects of the system imperfections, including the deviation in the distance between the two atoms and the asymmetry in the atomic decay rates into the waveguide modes. With recent experimental advances in the superconducting microwave transmission lines, our results should soon be realizable.
The nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) defect in ultra-pure diamond shows great promise for the implementation of qubits for quantum computing. The N-V defect is a three level system which behaves as an efficient room temperature source of single photons at a wavelength of 637 nm. The N-V centre ground state spin strongly modulates the rate of spontaneous emission providing a mechanism for spin read out. Recently, it is shown that spin-readout with the minimum number of photons can be achieved by efficiently coupling light to the transition in a sub- wavelength scale micro-cavity. The aim of this paper is to place the N-V centre into a cavity at the centre of a suspended slab photonic crystal structure made from hexagonal array of cylindrical air holes. The light is confined by distributed Bragg reflection in the plane of periodicity (xy) and by total internal reflection in the perpendicular plane (z). The work consists of both modelling the photonic crystal to optimise the parameters and fabricating the structures using focussed ion beam milling.