Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal de Physique Lettres

Spin rotation effects and spin waves in gaseous 3He↑

Pierre-Jean Nacher, Geneviève Tastevin, Michèle Leduc, S. B. Crampton, Franck Laloë

Published Jan 1, 1984• 71 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Spin polarized gases such as H↑ or 3He↑ can propagate damped spin waves at low temperatures; their origin is the so-called « identical spin rotation effect » in collisions between identical particles. We report here the observation of such effects in 3He↑ in the temperature range 2 < T < 6 K, and preliminary measurements of the coefficient μ which characterizes the quality factor of the spin oscillations. The measurements are in agreement with the numerical calculations of C. Lhuillier.

DOI
10.1051/jphyslet:01984004509044100

Related papers

Transport properties in a spin polarized gas, II

C. Lhuillier, Franck Laloë

The general results obtained in the preceding article are applied to the study of transport phenomena in a spin polarized gas at low temperatures, with particular emphasis on the particle indistinguishability effects in collisions. The effects of the nuclear orientation M are treated exactly (no M expansion). First, a simple theory of spin diffusion is presented and the response of the gas to a spin orientation gradient is calculated. The spin coherences and their evolution due to the « identical-spin rotation effect » are taken into account; it is found that they can play an important role, especially in the low temperature limit. The hydrodynamic equations of evolution of M are non-linear and anisotropic. Particle indistinguishability effects give an oscillatory character to the evolution of the transverse components of M (spin oscillations). Then, a more elaborate variational method is used to study the coupling between spin diffusion and heat conduction. This effect is, again, a sheer consequence of quantum interference phenomena introduced by particle indistinguishability. Finally, isotopic mixtures of 3He and 4He are considered In addition to coupling between isotopic diffusion and heat conduction, which exists for classical systems, quantum collision effects introduce a coupling between these two modes and spin diffusion.

Journal de physique•Jan 1, 1982•129 citations

Zero Temperature Spin Wave Damping in Spin Polarized H3e : Does It Exist?

Gérard Vermeulen, Agnès Roni

Previous spin echo experiments at equilibrium polarizations in 3He- 4He mixtures have confirmed the prediction of zero temperature polarization-induced spin wave damping in Fermi liquids. We have measured the damping of spin waves in dilute 3He, spin polarized by a 4He circulating dilution refrigerator. The maximum polarization is almost a factor of 5 higher than the equilibrium polarization in a magnetic field of 10.54 T at temperatures between 10 and 25 mK. The spin wave damping is much smaller than expected on the basis of the spin echo experiments and shows that the existence of polarization-induced spin wave damping is an open question.

Physical Review Letters•Jan 8, 2001•17 citations

Transport properties in a spin polarized gas, III

C. Lhuillier

A complete quantum phase shift calculation of several transport coefficients in spin polarized quantum gases (3He, H↑ and D↑) has been carried out for temperatures ranging from 0.04 K to 10 K and nuclear polarizations M varying from 0 to 1. After a detailed analysis of the dynamical features of the collision, the various direct and exchange « cross sections » necessary to describe the collision between two spin-polarized atoms are studied Emphasis is then placed on some particle-indistinguishability consequences that could be seen in 3He or H↑ systems, such as the strong M dependence of the heat capacity, a mode coupling between heat capacity and longitudinal spin diffusion and the oscillatory character of the evolution of the transverse components of M.

Journal de physique•Jan 1, 1983•124 citations

Hyperfine and electronic spin waves in atomic hydrogen : the role of the spin exchange process

J. P. Bouchaud, C. Lhuillier

The identical spin rotation effect is the quantum mechanical collisional effect underlying the transverse nuclear spin waves recently seen in dilute non degenerate gases in Paris [3He] and at Cornell University [H↓]. This mechanism could in principle give rise, at low enough temperatures, to hydrodynamic oscillatory modes associated with any non diagonal elements of the atomic internal density matrix (generalized spin waves or coherences waves). Starting from a quantum Boltzmann equation recently derived for the study of 4-component atomic hydrogen, we show that the current of any transverse quantity (hyperfine or Zeeman coherence) does indeed precess around molecular exchange fields. Unhappily, in most cases, the oscillatory modes associated with these transverse quantities are heavily damped. The first intrinsic cause of damping of these waves is spin exchange. We study the conditions under which this damping is minimized in both zero field and in high magnetic field. Numerical values of all relevant parameters for the description of spin transport properties in atomic hydrogen are given in the appendices.

Journal de physique•Jan 1, 1985•7 citations

Momentum and spin transport properties of spin polarized Fermi systems

Wei Lijuan

We carried out experiments on a spin polarized 3He- 4He mixture with 3He concentration x 3 = 6.26 × 10−4, and on pure 3He liquid. Spin polarization affects the transport properties of these Fermi systems. The effect on momentum transport was studied by using a vibrating-wire viscometer to measure viscosity of the 3He-4He mixture over the temperature range 6.09 mK–100 mK in 7.96 T and 1.00 T magnetic fields. A large viscosity increase was observed upon application of the 7.96 T magnetic field for temperature T < TF(TF = 19.5 mK is the Fermi temperature). The observed viscosity is in very good agreement with theoretical calculations for a dilute Fermi gas by Jeon and Mullin [1988, 1989] and Mullin and Jeon [1992]. The polarization effect on spin transport was investigated by measuring the transverse diffusion coefficient D ⊥ in pure 3He liquid at saturated vapor pressure and at 15.85 bar over the temperature range 4.5 mK–159 mK in a 7.96 T magnetic field. We used a pulsed NMR spin echo technique in a field gradient of 16.0 G/cm to do the measurements and fits to the Leggett equations [1970] to obtain D⊥. For T < 20 mK, we found D⊥ is less than measured in earlier experiments at lower magnetic fields. D⊥ does not increase with decreasing temperature as 1/T2, but appears to approach a constant as T → 0 while it is expected that the longitudinal spin diffusion coefficient D∥ ∝ 1/ T2. This is called spin diffusion anisotropy and it was observed for the first time in our 3He liquid experiments. The anisotropy temperature we determined for 3He liquid was Ta = 16.4 ± 2.2 mK at saturated vapor pressure and in a 7.96 T magnetic field. The transverse spin diffusion in 3 He results agree qualitatively with theories proposed by Meyerovich and Musaeflan [1992, 1994]. They also agree qualitatively with theories proposed by Golosov and Ruckenstein [1995, 1998] by extrapolation of the dilute theory to a strongly interacting system.

•Jan 1, 2001•0 citations

Nuclear-spin waves in polarized atomic hydrogen gas: Temperature and density dependence in the hydrodynamic and Knudsen regimes

N. P. Bigelow, Jack H. Freed, D. M. Lee

Accurate measurements on the nuclear-spin waves observed in the NMR spectrum of spin-polarized atomic hydrogen provide a quantitative test of theory. Results for temperatures between 160 and 537 mK and densities between 7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{15}$ and 5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{16}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ display the expected magnitude and ${T}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1/2}$ divergence predicted for the spin-wave quality factor \ensuremath{\mu}. It is shown that spin waves persist at low enough densities (Knudsen regime) that elastic wall collisions are more probable than atom-atom exchange collisions. An anomalous increase in spin-wave widths at low temperatures is explained in terms of the enhanced effects of sticking collisions of the atoms with the walls.

Physical Review Letters•Oct 9, 1989•46 citations
Spin polarized gases such as H↑ or 3He↑ can propagate damped spin waves at low temperatures; their origin is the so-called « identical spin rotation effect » in collisions between identical particles. We report here the observation of such effects in 3He↑ in the temperature range 2 < T < 6 K, and preliminary measurements of the coefficient μ which characterizes the quality factor of the spin oscillations. The measurements are in agreement with the numerical calculations of C. Lhuillier.
The general results obtained in the preceding article are applied to the study of transport phenomena in a spin polarized gas at low temperatures, with particular emphasis on the particle indistinguishability effects in collisions. The effects of the nuclear orientation M are treated exactly (no M expansion). First, a simple theory of spin diffusion is presented and the response of the gas to a spin orientation gradient is calculated. The spin coherences and their evolution due to the « identical-spin rotation effect » are taken into account; it is found that they can play an important role, especially in the low temperature limit. The hydrodynamic equations of evolution of M are non-linear and anisotropic. Particle indistinguishability effects give an oscillatory character to the evolution of the transverse components of M (spin oscillations). Then, a more elaborate variational method is used to study the coupling between spin diffusion and heat conduction. This effect is, again, a sheer consequence of quantum interference phenomena introduced by particle indistinguishability. Finally, isotopic mixtures of 3He and 4He are considered In addition to coupling between isotopic diffusion and heat conduction, which exists for classical systems, quantum collision effects introduce a coupling between these two modes and spin diffusion.
Previous spin echo experiments at equilibrium polarizations in 3He- 4He mixtures have confirmed the prediction of zero temperature polarization-induced spin wave damping in Fermi liquids. We have measured the damping of spin waves in dilute 3He, spin polarized by a 4He circulating dilution refrigerator. The maximum polarization is almost a factor of 5 higher than the equilibrium polarization in a magnetic field of 10.54 T at temperatures between 10 and 25 mK. The spin wave damping is much smaller than expected on the basis of the spin echo experiments and shows that the existence of polarization-induced spin wave damping is an open question.
A complete quantum phase shift calculation of several transport coefficients in spin polarized quantum gases (3He, H↑ and D↑) has been carried out for temperatures ranging from 0.04 K to 10 K and nuclear polarizations M varying from 0 to 1. After a detailed analysis of the dynamical features of the collision, the various direct and exchange « cross sections » necessary to describe the collision between two spin-polarized atoms are studied Emphasis is then placed on some particle-indistinguishability consequences that could be seen in 3He or H↑ systems, such as the strong M dependence of the heat capacity, a mode coupling between heat capacity and longitudinal spin diffusion and the oscillatory character of the evolution of the transverse components of M.
The identical spin rotation effect is the quantum mechanical collisional effect underlying the transverse nuclear spin waves recently seen in dilute non degenerate gases in Paris [3He] and at Cornell University [H↓]. This mechanism could in principle give rise, at low enough temperatures, to hydrodynamic oscillatory modes associated with any non diagonal elements of the atomic internal density matrix (generalized spin waves or coherences waves). Starting from a quantum Boltzmann equation recently derived for the study of 4-component atomic hydrogen, we show that the current of any transverse quantity (hyperfine or Zeeman coherence) does indeed precess around molecular exchange fields. Unhappily, in most cases, the oscillatory modes associated with these transverse quantities are heavily damped. The first intrinsic cause of damping of these waves is spin exchange. We study the conditions under which this damping is minimized in both zero field and in high magnetic field. Numerical values of all relevant parameters for the description of spin transport properties in atomic hydrogen are given in the appendices.
We carried out experiments on a spin polarized 3He- 4He mixture with 3He concentration x 3 = 6.26 × 10−4, and on pure 3He liquid. Spin polarization affects the transport properties of these Fermi systems. The effect on momentum transport was studied by using a vibrating-wire viscometer to measure viscosity of the 3He-4He mixture over the temperature range 6.09 mK–100 mK in 7.96 T and 1.00 T magnetic fields. A large viscosity increase was observed upon application of the 7.96 T magnetic field for temperature T < TF(TF = 19.5 mK is the Fermi temperature). The observed viscosity is in very good agreement with theoretical calculations for a dilute Fermi gas by Jeon and Mullin [1988, 1989] and Mullin and Jeon [1992]. The polarization effect on spin transport was investigated by measuring the transverse diffusion coefficient D ⊥ in pure 3He liquid at saturated vapor pressure and at 15.85 bar over the temperature range 4.5 mK–159 mK in a 7.96 T magnetic field. We used a pulsed NMR spin echo technique in a field gradient of 16.0 G/cm to do the measurements and fits to the Leggett equations [1970] to obtain D⊥. For T < 20 mK, we found D⊥ is less than measured in earlier experiments at lower magnetic fields. D⊥ does not increase with decreasing temperature as 1/T2, but appears to approach a constant as T → 0 while it is expected that the longitudinal spin diffusion coefficient D∥ ∝ 1/ T2. This is called spin diffusion anisotropy and it was observed for the first time in our 3He liquid experiments. The anisotropy temperature we determined for 3He liquid was Ta = 16.4 ± 2.2 mK at saturated vapor pressure and in a 7.96 T magnetic field. The transverse spin diffusion in 3 He results agree qualitatively with theories proposed by Meyerovich and Musaeflan [1992, 1994]. They also agree qualitatively with theories proposed by Golosov and Ruckenstein [1995, 1998] by extrapolation of the dilute theory to a strongly interacting system.
Accurate measurements on the nuclear-spin waves observed in the NMR spectrum of spin-polarized atomic hydrogen provide a quantitative test of theory. Results for temperatures between 160 and 537 mK and densities between 7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1015{10}^{15}1015 and 5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1016{10}^{16}1016 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ display the expected magnitude and ${T}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1/2}$ divergence predicted for the spin-wave quality factor \ensuremath{\mu}. It is shown that spin waves persist at low enough densities (Knudsen regime) that elastic wall collisions are more probable than atom-atom exchange collisions. An anomalous increase in spin-wave widths at low temperatures is explained in terms of the enhanced effects of sticking collisions of the atoms with the walls.