© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

Terms Privacy Legal Notice

Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Detection of specifically oriented impurities in an amorphous host through interference between holograms stored as spectral holes

Keith Holliday, Eric Vauthey, Mauro Croci, Alois Renn, Urs P. Wild

Published Jun 1, 1992• 2 citations

Abstract

The constructive interference between two Stark-effect-broadened holograms produced by spectral hole burning is discussed. The holograms are burned at the same frequency but at different external electric-field values. The phase difference is selected to be zero so that constructive interference between the waves diffracted by each grating occurs. Experimentally it is found that a dip in the hologram efficiency that is not predicted by previous theory occurs for all reconstruction external electric-field values in the region between the original burn values. This dip is interpreted as being due to the time nonlinearity of the hologram burn process. The dip corresponds to those molecules, oriented in a specific direction with respect to the electric field, for which no Stark shift occurs and that are therefore resonant with the laser during the production of both holograms. The width of the anomalous feature is close to that of the hologram when the hologram is reconstructed at the original burn external electric-field strength. Other molecular orientations may be selected by burning pairs of holographic gratings at other combinations of the frequency and the electric field.

DOI: 10.1364/josab.9.000982

Related papers

Spectral hole burning and holography. III. Electric field induced interference of holograms

Alois Renn, Alfred Johann Meixner, Urs P. Wild

The electric field induced superposition of holograms recorded by spectral hole burning is investigated. Holograms have been burned at adjacent positions in a plane defined by wavelength and electric field. Application of an appropriate electric field to the sample causes the components of adjacent holograms to overlap as the spectral holes split due to Stark shifts of molecular transition frequencies. The diffraction efficiency of such superimposed holograms depends on their relative phase and has been studied theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that for zero phase difference, constructive interference leads to a strong diffraction efficiency whereas for a phase difference of π, the gratings cancel leading to zero diffraction efficiency. Experiments have been performed with the dye cresyl violet in a polyvinylbutyral film at a temperature of 1.7 K and the data are compared with computer simulations.

The Journal of Chemical Physics•Aug 15, 1990•21 citations

Hole burning, Stark effect, and data storage: 2: holographic recording and detection of spectral holes

Cosimo De, Alois Renn, Urs P. Wild

The properties of holographic recording and detection of spectral holes in the frequency and electric-field dimension are investigated. To optimize the storage properties of optical memory devices, based on spectral hole burning and holography, cross-talk effects between adjacent holograms have to be minimized. These interactions depend on the relative phases of the holograms chosen during the recording stage. Using free-base chlorin (2,3-dihydroporphyrin) in polyvinyl butyral as host at a temperature of 1.7 K, the influence of the relative phase difference between holograms is demonstrated in both the frequency and the electric-field dimension. Experimental results are presented for rows and columns of holograms stored either in the laser frequency or the electric-field dimension and compared to transmission data. Using both dimensions a 10 x 10 matrix of holograms has been stored within the range of a single wave number.

Applied Optics•Jul 10, 1991•28 citations

Holographic Spectral Hole Burning: From Data Storage to Information Processing

Cosimo De, Stefan Bernet, Alois Renn +1 more

The advantage of holography shows up in various technical applications. As a natural feature of holography one gains the possibility of parallel data manipulation. This chapter describes some of these applications. For instance, using phase-controlled holography it has been possible to store 2000 gray-level holograms in one spectral hole burning sample. On the other hand, logical operations, so called “molecular computing,” between data arrays are possible by generating electric field induced interferometric superpositions of holograms with a controlled phase relationship. The chapter explains the principles of holographic hole burning and provides a brief overview of the physical mechanisms of spectral hole burning. It presents an experimental arrangement for spectral hole burning, as well as the relevant results. The chapter also shows that the combination of holography with molecular properties (the Stark splitting of absorption holes in an externally applied electric field) allows nontrivial processing of data.

CRC Press eBooks•Jul 29, 2020•0 citations

Spectral hole burning and holography. II. Diffraction properties of two spectrally adjacent holograms

Alois Renn, Alfred Johann Meixner, Urs P. Wild

The first paper in this series presented a detailed analysis of the diffraction efficiency of a single holographic grating obtained by spectral hole burning. This paper covers the influence of phase changes which occur during the burning of a single hologram, and the interaction of spectrally adjacent two laser induced gratings. A theoretical description of the holographic efficiencies which takes into account the influence of the relative phases between the two gratings. Experimental results are presented and discussed in terms of the theory.

The Journal of Chemical Physics•Mar 1, 1990•34 citations

Holographic Hole Burning

Alois Renn, Stefan Bernet, Bern Kohler +1 more

Persistent spectral hole burning (PSHB) [1] allows for frequency selective recording of holograms and opens interesting prospects for high density optical information storage and processing. When hole burning is performed with the interference pattern of two crossed laser beams a spectrally narrow hole is created in an inhomogeneously broadened absorption band and simultaneously the spatial fringe pattern is recorded as a modulation of the hole depth. During reconstruction of the hologram diffraction from this spatial fringe pattern occurs, reflecting the changes of the absorption coefficient and the refractive index introduced by the spectral hole [2].

Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and Applications•Jan 1, 1992•0 citations

Holography in Frequency Selective Media: Hologram Phase and Causality

Stefan Bernet, Bern Kohler, Alexander Rebane +2 more

Persistent spectral hole burning [1] in conjunction with holography (PSHB) opens new prospects for high density optical information storage and processing. In the holographic approach, hole burning is carried out with two -crossed coherent laser beams which bleach out a narrow frequency domain hole in an inhomogeneously broadened absorption band recording, at the same time, a spatial holographic fringe pattern. During read out of the hologram diffraction from this spatial fringe pattern occurs, and a holographic image is reconstructed, reflecting the changes of the absorption coefficient and the refractive index introduced by the spectral hole [2].

Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and Applications•Jan 1, 1991•1 citation

The constructive interference between two Stark-effect-broadened holograms produced by spectral hole burning is discussed. The holograms are burned at the same frequency but at different external electric-field values. The phase difference is selected to be zero so that constructive interference between the waves diffracted by each grating occurs. Experimentally it is found that a dip in the hologram efficiency that is not predicted by previous theory occurs for all reconstruction external electric-field values in the region between the original burn values. This dip is interpreted as being due to the time nonlinearity of the hologram burn process. The dip corresponds to those molecules, oriented in a specific direction with respect to the electric field, for which no Stark shift occurs and that are therefore resonant with the laser during the production of both holograms. The width of the anomalous feature is close to that of the hologram when the hologram is reconstructed at the original burn external electric-field strength. Other molecular orientations may be selected by burning pairs of holographic gratings at other combinations of the frequency and the electric field.

The electric field induced superposition of holograms recorded by spectral hole burning is investigated. Holograms have been burned at adjacent positions in a plane defined by wavelength and electric field. Application of an appropriate electric field to the sample causes the components of adjacent holograms to overlap as the spectral holes split due to Stark shifts of molecular transition frequencies. The diffraction efficiency of such superimposed holograms depends on their relative phase and has been studied theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that for zero phase difference, constructive interference leads to a strong diffraction efficiency whereas for a phase difference of π, the gratings cancel leading to zero diffraction efficiency. Experiments have been performed with the dye cresyl violet in a polyvinylbutyral film at a temperature of 1.7 K and the data are compared with computer simulations.

The properties of holographic recording and detection of spectral holes in the frequency and electric-field dimension are investigated. To optimize the storage properties of optical memory devices, based on spectral hole burning and holography, cross-talk effects between adjacent holograms have to be minimized. These interactions depend on the relative phases of the holograms chosen during the recording stage. Using free-base chlorin (2,3-dihydroporphyrin) in polyvinyl butyral as host at a temperature of 1.7 K, the influence of the relative phase difference between holograms is demonstrated in both the frequency and the electric-field dimension. Experimental results are presented for rows and columns of holograms stored either in the laser frequency or the electric-field dimension and compared to transmission data. Using both dimensions a 10 x 10 matrix of holograms has been stored within the range of a single wave number.

The advantage of holography shows up in various technical applications. As a natural feature of holography one gains the possibility of parallel data manipulation. This chapter describes some of these applications. For instance, using phase-controlled holography it has been possible to store 2000 gray-level holograms in one spectral hole burning sample. On the other hand, logical operations, so called “molecular computing,” between data arrays are possible by generating electric field induced interferometric superpositions of holograms with a controlled phase relationship. The chapter explains the principles of holographic hole burning and provides a brief overview of the physical mechanisms of spectral hole burning. It presents an experimental arrangement for spectral hole burning, as well as the relevant results. The chapter also shows that the combination of holography with molecular properties (the Stark splitting of absorption holes in an externally applied electric field) allows nontrivial processing of data.

The first paper in this series presented a detailed analysis of the diffraction efficiency of a single holographic grating obtained by spectral hole burning. This paper covers the influence of phase changes which occur during the burning of a single hologram, and the interaction of spectrally adjacent two laser induced gratings. A theoretical description of the holographic efficiencies which takes into account the influence of the relative phases between the two gratings. Experimental results are presented and discussed in terms of the theory.

Persistent spectral hole burning (PSHB) [1] allows for frequency selective recording of holograms and opens interesting prospects for high density optical information storage and processing. When hole burning is performed with the interference pattern of two crossed laser beams a spectrally narrow hole is created in an inhomogeneously broadened absorption band and simultaneously the spatial fringe pattern is recorded as a modulation of the hole depth. During reconstruction of the hologram diffraction from this spatial fringe pattern occurs, reflecting the changes of the absorption coefficient and the refractive index introduced by the spectral hole [2].

Persistent spectral hole burning [1] in conjunction with holography (PSHB) opens new prospects for high density optical information storage and processing. In the holographic approach, hole burning is carried out with two -crossed coherent laser beams which bleach out a narrow frequency domain hole in an inhomogeneously broadened absorption band recording, at the same time, a spatial holographic fringe pattern. During read out of the hologram diffraction from this spatial fringe pattern occurs, and a holographic image is reconstructed, reflecting the changes of the absorption coefficient and the refractive index introduced by the spectral hole [2].