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Optics and Spectroscopy

Creation of arbitrary coherent superposition states in four-level systems

Shangqing Gong, Yueping Niu

Published Aug 1, 2005• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Using the technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage, we propose schemes for creating arbitrary coherent superposition states of atoms in four-level systems: a Λ-type system with twofold final states and a four-level ladder system. With the use of a control field, arbitrary coherent superposition states are created without the condition of multiphoton resonance. Suitable manipulation of detunings and the control field can create either a single state or any superposition states desired.

DOI
10.1134/1.2034614

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Using the technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage, we propose schemes for creating arbitrary coherent superposition states of atoms in four-level systems: a Λ-type system with twofold final states and a four-level ladder system. With the use of a control field, arbitrary coherent superposition states are created without the condition of multiphoton resonance. Suitable manipulation of detunings and the control field can create either a single state or any superposition states desired.
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We propose a scheme for creating atomic coherent superpositions via stimulated Raman adiabatic passage in a Lambda-type system where the final state has twofold levels. In the employ of a control field, the presence of double dark states leads to two arbitrary coherent superposition states with equal amplitude but inverse relative phase without the condition of multi-photon resonance. In particular, two orthogonal maximal coherent superposition states are created when the control field is resonant with the transition of the twofold levels. This scheme can also be extended to manifold Lambda-type systems.
We propose a scheme for creating atomic coherent superposition states via the technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage in a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type system where the final state has twofold levels. With the application of a control field, it is found that the presence of double dark states leads to two arbitrary coherent superposition states with equal amplitude but inverse relative phases, even though the condition of multiphoton resonance is not met. In particular, two orthogonal maximal coherent superposition states are created when the control field is resonant with the transition of the twofold levels. This scheme can also be extended to manifold $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type systems.
We propose a scheme for creating coherent atomic superposition states via the technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) in a Λ-type system where final states are composed of manifold of levels and the intermediate levels could be more than one level. If the pump pulses and Stokes pulses are kept in the same order of ordinary STIRAP, through the control the delay time between the Stokes pulses and pump pulse, we could create arbitrary superposition states in the manifold of levels.
In this thesis, quantum coherent control of dynamic properties of double-dark-resonance atomic systems is pursued in detail. First we show our scheme for creating atomic coherent superposition states via the technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage in a Lambda-type four-level system. With the application of a control field, it is found that the presence of double dark states leads to two arbitrary coherent superposition states with equal amplitude but inverse relative phases, even though the condition of multiphoton resonance is not met. The suitable manipulation of the control field and detunings enables the proposed scheme to create any coherent superposition states one desired. Then, in the above mentioned double-dark-resonant system, a scheme for giant enhancement of the Kerr nonlinearity is put forward. Compared with that generated in a single-dark-resonance system, the Kerr nonlinearity can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude with vanishing linear absorption. We attribute this dramatic enhancement to the interaction of dark resonances. As another possible means for enhancement of Kerr nonlinearity, spontaneously generated coherence is proposed. Meanwhile, a theoretical investigation is carried out in a five-level tripod system for obtaining a high efficiency double-channel four-wave-mixing process. By manipulating the intensity of the two coupling fields, the conversion efficiency of four-wave-mixing can be controlled.