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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

Constrained dynamics of damped harmonic oscillator

Y Wang

Published Oct 1, 1987• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A constrained dynamical formulation of the damped harmonic oscillator system has been obtained. The generalised classical Hamiltonian based on the Dirac theory and its quantal counterpart are given. With suitable gauge choices and perturbation technique, a quasiconstrained example shows that the wavepacket spreads and the uncertainty principle holds. The propagator is also derived. A discussion on the necessity and physical meaning of the constrained treatment is also included.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/20/14/019

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A constrained dynamical formulation of the damped harmonic oscillator system has been obtained. The generalised classical Hamiltonian based on the Dirac theory and its quantal counterpart are given. With suitable gauge choices and perturbation technique, a quasiconstrained example shows that the wavepacket spreads and the uncertainty principle holds. The propagator is also derived. A discussion on the necessity and physical meaning of the constrained treatment is also included.
The system of a two-dimensional damped harmonic oscillator is revisited in the extended phase space. It is an old problem that has already been addressed by many authors that we present here with some fresh points of view and carry on a whole discussion. We show that the system is singular. The classical Hamiltonian is proportional to the first-class constraint. We pursue with the Dirac’s canonical quantization procedure by fixing the gauge and provide a reduced phase space description of the system. As a result, the quantum system is simply modeled by the original quantum Hamiltonian.
The problem of a quantal harmonic oscillator with damping and a time-dependent frequency acted on by a time-dependent perturbative force is exactly solved. The wavefunctions are found in Schrödinger representation using the theory of explicitly time-dependent invariants and also by an expansion of the Feynman propagator. The propagator is obtained in exactly closed form by an explicit path integration of the classical Lagrangian. It is found that the wavefunctions and the propagator depend only on the solution of classical damped oscillator through a single function ρ (t). The function ρ (t) itself may be obtained as a solution of a second order nonlinear differential equation under the appropriate set of initial conditions.
We consider several models of the damped oscillators in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics in a framework of a general approach to the dynamics of the time-dependent Schroedinger equation with variable quadratic Hamiltonians. The Green functions are explicitly found in terms of elementary functions and the corresponding gauge transformations are discussed. The factorization technique is applied to the case of a shifted harmonic oscillator. The time-evolution of the expectation values of the energy related operators is determined for two models of the quantum damped oscillators under consideration. The classical equations of motion for the damped oscillations are derived for the corresponding expectation values of the position operator.
We consider several models of the damped oscillators in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics in a framework of a general approach to the dynamics of the time-dependent Schroedinger equation with variable quadratic Hamiltonians. The Green functions are explicitly found in terms of elementary functions and the corresponding gauge transformations are discussed. The factorization technique is applied to the case of a shifted harmonic oscillator. The time-evolution of the expectation values of the energy related operators is determined for two models of the quantum damped oscillators under consideration. The classical equations of motion for the damped oscillations are derived for the corresponding expectation values of the position operator.
Abstract By selecting a right generalized coordinate X, which contains the general solutions of the classical motion equation of a forced damped harmonic oscillator, we obtain a simple Hamiltonian which does not contain time for the oscillator such that Schrödinger equation and its solutions can be directly written out in X representation. The wave functin in x representation are also given with the help of the eigenfunctions of the operator X^ \hat X X^ in x representation. The evolution of ⟨x^⟩ \left\langle {\hat x} \right\rangle ⟨x^⟩ is the same as in the classical mechanics, and the uncertainty in position is independent of an external influence; one part of energy mean is quantized and attenuated, and the other is equal to the classical energy.