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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Minimal renormalization without ε expansion: Critical behavior above and below Tc

R. Schloms, V. Dohm

Published Oct 1, 1990• 68 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a field-theoretic renormalization-group treatment of the critical behavior of the ${\mathit{cphi}}^{4}$ model within the minimal-subtraction scheme at fixed dimension d4. We show that correlation functions above and below ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ can be calculated within this renormalization scheme without using the \ensuremath{\epsilon}=4-d expansion. This is demonstrated for the specific heat, for the order parameter, and for the superfluid density (stiffness constant). Various asymptotic amplitudes and correction amplitudes are determined, and some of their universal ratios are calculated in three dimensions. Our result for ${\mathit{a}}_{\mathit{c}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$/${\mathit{a}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}\mathit{s}}$ eliminates a previous error of the \ensuremath{\epsilon} expansion regarding the sign of this ratio for d=3 and n=2.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.42.6142

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Physical review. B, Solid state•Sep 1, 1977•42 citations
We present a field-theoretic renormalization-group treatment of the critical behavior of the cphi4{\mathit{cphi}}^{4}cphi4 model within the minimal-subtraction scheme at fixed dimension d4. We show that correlation functions above and below Tc{\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}Tc​ can be calculated within this renormalization scheme without using the \ensuremath{\epsilon}=4-d expansion. This is demonstrated for the specific heat, for the order parameter, and for the superfluid density (stiffness constant). Various asymptotic amplitudes and correction amplitudes are determined, and some of their universal ratios are calculated in three dimensions. Our result for ac\ensuremath−{\mathit{a}}_{\mathit{c}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}ac\ensuremath−​/a\ensuremathρs{\mathit{a}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}\mathit{s}}a\ensuremathρs​ eliminates a previous error of the \ensuremath{\epsilon} expansion regarding the sign of this ratio for d=3 and n=2.
We present an analytic four-loop calculation of the free energy in three dimensions within the O(n) symmetric phi(4) theory at infinite cutoff for general n above and below T(c). It is shown that Goldstone singularities arising at intermediate stages of the calculation cancel among themselves. The correlation length above T(c) and an appropriately defined pseudocorrelation length below T(c) are calculated analytically up to four-loop order for general n. The method of minimal renormalization at fixed dimension d=3 is used to determine the analytic expressions for the four-loop series of the amplitude functions of the free energy, correlation length, and specific heat above and below T(c) in terms of the renormalized coupling. These expressions provide the basis for future accurate Borel resummations of universal amplitude ratios characterizing the asymptotic critical behavior and of crossover functions describing the nonasymptotic critical behavior. A brief application is given by a variational calculation of the universal specific-heat amplitude ratios A+/A- and P=alpha(-1)(1-A+/A-) and of the universal quantity R+(xi)=xi+0(A+)(1/d) for general n.
We present the first detailed calculations in the ordered phase using the massive ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{4}$ field theory directly at d=3. It is shown that an adapted expansion allows the renormalization functions of the symmetric theory to be kept unchanged. Extending results in a previous paper [C. Bagnuls and C. Bervillier, Phys. Rev. B 32, 7209 (1985)] (noted I), we obtain, for Ising-type systems, nonasymptotic functions of temperature for the spontaneous magnetization, the susceptibility, and the specific heat along the critical isochore, which include all the quantitative universal characteristics of critical behavior in the real preasymptotic critical domain Dpreas{D}_{\mathrm{preas}}Dpreas​. All universal leading- and first-correction amplitude combinations (including the new one ${R}_{{B}_{{\mathrm{cr}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}})}}$ are accurately estimated and are compared with previous theoretical and experimental estimates. We also show that the functions are well adapted to a suitable comparison with experiment and we describe how the adjustable parameters, limited to only three (the same as in I), enter in nonasymptotic critical behavior. Together with I, this work provides experimentalists with an efficient and coherent method which will facilitate the experimental test of the renormalization-group predictions.
Abstract In Chapter 15, the scaling behaviour of correlation functions at criticality, T = Tc, has been derived. This chapter is devoted to the critical domain, where the correlation length is large with respect to the microscopic scale, but finite. In dimensions d < 4, above Tc, the property of strong scaling is derived: in the critical domain above Tc, all correlation functions, after rescaling, can be expressed in terms of universal correlation functions, in which the scale of distance is provided by the correlation length. However, because the correlation length is singular at Tc, in this formalism, the critical temperature cannot be crossed. Alternatively, one can expand correlation functions in formal power series of the deviation (T −Tc) from the critical temperature, in presence of a magnetic field. The sum of the expansion satisfies renormalization group (RG) equations also valid for T < Tc and in a magnetic field, from which follow scaling properties in the whole critical domain. The universal two-point function can be expanded when T approaches Tc, using the short-distance expansion (SDE). A few terms of the ϵ expansion (ϵ is the deviation from dimension 4) of a few universal quantities are reported. Calculations at fixed dimension and summation of perturbative expansions are described. The conformal bootstrap based on the SDE and conformal invariance at the infrared (IR) fixed point provides an alternative method to determine critical exponents.
We discuss some problems related to quantum critical phenomena in superfluids and superconductors. In Ch. 1, we apply generalizations of hyperuniversality to quantum phase transitions at zero temperature. We find new universal amplitude combinations involving the superfluid density in Bose systems, as well as confirm and extend previous proposals for universal transport coefficients in two-dimensional superconducting films and magnetic-field-induced metal-insulator transitions. In Ch. 2, we apply the double-dimensionality expansion of Dorogovstev to derive renormalization-group recursion relations for a Bose fluid in a random external potential. We find a nontrivial fixed point. The onset of mean-field behavior for dimensions d > d[subscript]c = 4 is unconventional, yielding discontinuous exponents. Including positive temperatures, we give a clear picture of various crossover regimes. In Ch. 3, We give a detailed derivation of the critical thermodynamics of O(n) spin models, correct to O([epsilon] = 4 - d), using a generalization of the renormalization-group trajectory integral and noncritical matching technique introduced by Rudnick and Nelson. We especially emphasize the coexistence-curve behavior for spins with a continuous symmetry (n [...] 2), deriving detailed expressions for the renormalized spin-wave stiffness and longitudinal susceptibility.
The hypothesis of two-scale-factor universality, originally proposed by Stauffer, Ferer, and Wortis, is shown to follow from the renormalization-group approach, for systems close to their critical point. Values of the universal ratios involving correlation length and specific-heat amplitudes are obtained from the $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ expansion, for Ising, $X\ensuremath{-}Y$, and Heisenberg models. In the latter two cases the correlation function has a power-law behavior at large distances below Tc{T}_{c}Tc​, and the (transverse) correlation length is defined in terms of the stiffness constant ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{s}$. Experimental values of the correlation lengths and amplitude ratios are determined for superfluid 4He^{4}\mathrm{He}4He, which is $X\ensuremath{-}Y$-like, and for the Heisenberg antiferromagnet RbMnF3{\mathrm{RbMnF}}_{3}RbMnF3​. Comparisons are made between the values of the amplitude ratios coming from $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ expansions, series, and experiments.
We show that Josephson's relation, $\ensuremath{\upsilon}=2\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\nu}=2\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}2\ensuremath{\nu}$, connecting the critical exponent $\ensuremath{\upsilon}$, describing the vanishing of the helicity modulus (superfluid density), to other thermodynamic and correlation exponents is an exact scaling law within the renormalization-group framework. We use the standard isotropic nnn-vector model with continuous spins; when d<4d<4d<4 hyperscaling presumably holds, and we have $\ensuremath{\upsilon}=(d\ensuremath{-}2)\ensuremath{\nu}$. Secondly, we derive the first two leading terms of the helicity modulus in an $\ensuremath{\epsilon}=4\ensuremath{-}d$ expansion; this allows second-order evaluation of universal amplitude ratios associated with the superfluid transition.