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Physica Scripta

On the two-level systems interacting with electromagnetic field

Marek S. Wartak, A.S. Podgorski

Published Nov 1, 1993• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We formulate the one-dimensional model of coupled two-level systems interacting with electromagnetic field. For this model the existence of space solitons has been shown.
DOI
10.1088/0031-8949/48/5/001

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The Maxwell–Bloch system describes a quantum two-level medium interacting with a classical electromagnetic field by mediation of the population density. This population density variation is a purely quantum effect which is actually at the very origin of nonlinearity. The resulting nonlinear coupling possesses particularly interesting consequences at the resonance (when the frequency of the excitation is close to the transition frequency of the two-level medium) as e.g. slow-light gap solitons that result from the nonlinear instability of the evanescent wave at the boundary. As nonlinearity couples the different polarizations of the electromagnetic field, the slow-light gap soliton is shown to experience effective scattering with charges in the medium, allowing it for instance to be trapped or reflected. This scattering process is understood qualitatively as being governed by a nonlinear Schrödinger model in an external potential related to the charges (the electrostatic permanent background component of the field).