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Journal of Modern Optics

Variable-coupling-induced optical trapping in optical waveguides via dressed continuum

Indranil Bayal, Bibhas Kumar Dutta, Pradipta Panchadhyayee, P.K. Mahapatra

Published Jul 1, 2013• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have studied a photonic structure, based on a semi-classical approach, considering simultaneous interaction of two side-coupled bent waveguides having variable coupling interactions (Gaussian and exponential-type) with a dressed continuum. We have examined the condition of optical trapping in spatial domain during propagation of a light field through the waveguide. The variation in parametric conditions leading to a typical trapping (quasi-trapping) phenomenon for both the cases of exponential and Gaussian coupling interactions is discussed. Simulation of such phenomenon of trapping in our macroscopic photonic structure is possible for all even relative positions of the side waveguides coupled to the dressed continuum. As far as the onset of quasi-trapping is concerned, the coupling width in the Gaussian coupling case is smaller than that in the exponential case. In this context, the Gaussian profile is found more tolerant than the exponential one so far as the separation between the side-coupled waveguides is concerned. Perfect trapping is observed to sustain by setting proper conditions while launching initial light in the side waveguides.

DOI
10.1080/09500340.2013.826391

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We have studied a photonic structure, based on a semi-classical approach, considering simultaneous interaction of two side-coupled bent waveguides having variable coupling interactions (Gaussian and exponential-type) with a dressed continuum. We have examined the condition of optical trapping in spatial domain during propagation of a light field through the waveguide. The variation in parametric conditions leading to a typical trapping (quasi-trapping) phenomenon for both the cases of exponential and Gaussian coupling interactions is discussed. Simulation of such phenomenon of trapping in our macroscopic photonic structure is possible for all even relative positions of the side waveguides coupled to the dressed continuum. As far as the onset of quasi-trapping is concerned, the coupling width in the Gaussian coupling case is smaller than that in the exponential case. In this context, the Gaussian profile is found more tolerant than the exponential one so far as the separation between the side-coupled waveguides is concerned. Perfect trapping is observed to sustain by setting proper conditions while launching initial light in the side waveguides.
Simultaneous interaction of two side-coupled waveguides with the dressed continuum represented by a linear waveguide array causes cross-coupling between the two evanescent decay-channels and results in the phenomenon of trapping of the light field in the spatial domain during propagation through the waveguide system. For specific parameter values, it has been shown that the trapping effect is possible for all relative positions of the waveguides side-coupled to the dressed continuum. The model also demonstrates non-exponential decay characteristics of the optical field amplitudes in the waveguides. Depending on the values of the propagation mismatch, the nonlinearity arising in the decay-rate characteristics exhibits features like optical Zeno and anti-Zeno effects.
In this article, simultaneous interaction of two side-coupled waveguides is considered with the dressed continuum represented by a linear waveguide array in which two consecutive pairs of waveguides are coupled in phase (positive coupling) and out-of-phase (negative coupling) alternately. It causes cross-coupling between the two evanescent decay-channels and results in the phenomenon of Rabi-like oscillations of the light field in spatial domain during propagation through the side waveguides. The profile of population exchange between the two side waveguides depends on the distinctive parameter conditions. It is interesting to note that, under no circumstances, light energy resides in the continuum.
A semiclassical model consisting of two noninteracting waveguide arrays along with three side-coupled waveguides is presented to demonstrate the optical analogue of double Fano resonance. The photonic system is configured so that it causes simultaneous cross coupling between two decay channels via one array and another two decay channels via the other array. Owing to the two individual interference effects, the decay-rate profile for the waveguide coupled directly to the continuum exhibits two asymmetric peaks, or dips, or a combination of one peak and one dip in the vicinity of the frequency mismatches. As far as the distribution of optical field amplitudes in the side-coupled waveguides is concerned, the present model also demonstrates the features of optical trapping (optical analogue of coherent population trapping) in side-coupled waveguides under certain symmetric parametric conditions.
Classical wave optical analogs of coherent population transfer via a continuum, recently demonstrated for laser-driven atoms and molecules in the atomic physics context, are theoretically proposed for light waves propagating in waveguide-based photonic structures. In particular, it is shown that exploitation of the optical analogs of two-photon Rabi oscillations and stimulated Raman adiabatic passage via continuous states enables efficient transfer of light waves between two channel optical waveguides side coupled to a slab waveguide.
A quantum theory of light propagation in two optical channel waveguides tunneling coupled to a common continuum of modes (such as those of a slab waveguide) is presented, and classical and quantum interference effects are investigated. For classical light, the photonic system realizes an optical analog of coherent population trapping in the continuum encountered in atomic physics, where destructive interference between different light leakage channels leads to the appearance of a trapped state embedded in the continuum. For nonclassical light, two-photon interference effects are predicted, such as the tendency of photon pairs to bunch when decaying into the continuum.
We investigate the role of optical nonlinearity in light propagation through two different waveguide QED lattices, namely a chain of qubits with direct coupling between the nearest neighbors and a chain of connected resonators to each of which a qubit is side-coupled. We apply an efficient truncated Heisenberg-Langevin equations method to show loss of coherent light transmission with increasing intensity in these lattices due to effective photon-photon interactions and related photon blockade mediated by nonlinearity in qubits. In contrast to the direct-coupled qubits, we find a revival in the coherent light transmission in the side-coupled qubits at relatively higher intensities due to saturation of qubits by photons. We further study these lattices within the quasi-classical approximation, which fails for a broad set of parameters. We then devise a technique to modify the quasi-classical analysis to give much better results. Lastly, we examine light propagation in an inhomogeneous lattice of side-coupled qubits and observe non-monotonicity in light transmission with increasing light intensity.