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Physical Review Letters

Rydberg Excitations in Bose-Einstein Condensates in Quasi-One-Dimensional Potentials and Optical Lattices

Matthieu Viteau, Mark G. Bason, J. Radogostowicz, Nicola Malossi, D. Ciampini, O. Morsch, E. Arimondo

Published Aug 2, 2011• 147 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We experimentally realize Rydberg excitations in Bose-Einstein condensates of rubidium atoms loaded into quasi-one-dimensional traps and in optical lattices. Our results for condensates expanded to different sizes in the one-dimensional trap agree well with the intuitive picture of a chain of Rydberg excitations. We also find that the Rydberg excitations in the optical lattice do not destroy the phase coherence of the condensate, and our results in that system agree with the picture of localized collective Rydberg excitations including nearest-neighbor blockade.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.107.060402

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We experimentally realize Rydberg excitations in Bose-Einstein condensates of rubidium atoms loaded into quasi-one-dimensional traps and in optical lattices. Our results for condensates expanded to different sizes in the one-dimensional trap agree well with the intuitive picture of a chain of Rydberg excitations. We also find that the Rydberg excitations in the optical lattice do not destroy the phase coherence of the condensate, and our results in that system agree with the picture of localized collective Rydberg excitations including nearest-neighbor blockade.
We experimentally realize Rydberg excitations in Bose-Einstein condensates of rubidium atoms loaded into quasi one-dimensional traps and in optical lattices. Our results for condensates expanded to different sizes in the one-dimensional trap agree well with the intuitive picture of a chain of Rydberg excitations. We also find that the Rydberg excitations in the optical lattice do not destroy the phase coherence of the condensate, and our results in that system agree with the picture of localized collective Rydberg excitations including nearest-neighbour blockade.
We have performed two-photon excitation via the 6 2 P 3/2 state to the n = 50–80 S or D Rydberg state in Bose–Einstein condensates of rubidium atoms. The Rydberg excitation was performed in a quartz cell, where electric fields generated by plates external to the cell created electric charges on the cell walls. Avoiding accumulation of the charges and realizing good control over the applied electric field was achieved when the fields were applied for only a short time, typically a few microseconds. Rydberg excitations of the Bose–Einstein condensates loaded into quasi-one-dimensional traps and in optical lattices have been investigated. The results for condensates expanded to different sizes in the one-dimensional trap agree well with the intuitive picture of a chain of Rydberg excitations controlled by the dipole–dipole interaction. The optical lattice applied along the one-dimensional geometry produces localized, collective Rydberg excitations controlled by the nearest-neighbour blockade.
Ultracold atomic gases excited to strongly interacting Rydberg states are a promising system for quantum simulations of many-body systems. The dipole blockade of Rydberg excitations is a hallmark of the strong interactions between atoms in these high-lying quantum states. We have measured the Rydberg excitation for rubidium ultracold atoms in magneto-optical traps and for Bose-Einstein condensates loaded into quasi one-dimensional traps. One of the consequences of the dipole blockade is the suppression of fluctuations in the counting statistics of Rydberg excitations. We have obtained experimental results on the dynamics and the counting statistics of Rydberg excitations of ultra-cold Rubidium atoms both on and off resonance, which exhibit sub- and super-Poissonian counting statistics, respectively. We have found strongly bimodal counting distributions in the offresonant regime.