Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)

Quantum observer for linear quantum stochastic systems

Zibo Miao, M. R. James

Published Dec 1, 2012• 35 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extension of the Luenberger observer design approach to linear quantum stochastic systems to obtain coherent quantum observers. We show how a physically realizable quantum observer can be designed, consistent with the laws of quantum mechanics. The quantum observer has the property that the mean values of the observer variables asymptotically track the corresponding mean values of the plant. In addition, we discuss entanglement of the joint plant-observer state, as well as the implications of the no-cloning theorem. Several examples are considered.

DOI
10.1109/cdc.2012.6426181

Related papers

Pole placement design for quantum systems via coherent observers

Zibo Miao, M. R. James, Valery Ugrinovskii

We previously extended Luenberger's approach for observer design to the quantum case, and developed a class of coherent observers which tracks linear quantum stochastic systems in the sense of mean values. In light of the fact that the Luenberger observer is commonly and successfully applied in classical control, it is interesting to investigate the role of coherent observers in quantum feedback. As the first step in exploring observer-based coherent control, in this paper we study pole-placement techniques for quantum systems using coherent observers, and in such a fashion, poles of a closed-loop quantum system can be relocated at any desired locations. In comparison to classical feedback control design incorporating the Luenberger observer, here direct coupling between a quantum plant and the observer-based controller are allowed to enable a greater degree of freedom for the design of controller parameters. A separation principle is presented, and we show how to design the observer and feedback independently to be consistent with the laws of quantum mechanics. The proposed scheme is applicable to coherent feedback control of quantum systems, especially when the transient dynamic response is of interest, and this issue is illustrated in an example.

arXiv:1509.05124•IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)•Dec 1, 2015•7 citations

Covariance matrix tracking coherent observers for linear quantum stochastic systems

Zibo Miao, Michael Hush, M. R. James

It is becoming apparent that coherent feedback control of quantum systems has significant advantages over measurement-based control, but not much progress has been made on coherent estimators. In our previous work, a class of coherent quantum observers was developed, which tracks linear quantum stochastic systems in the sense of mean values. However, in the majority of quantum technologies, apart from mean value quantities, correlations and variances are critical elements because they are connected with energy and entanglement. Therefore, in this paper, we create a covariance matrix tracking (CMT) coherent observer that enables the asymptotic tracking of both the mean and covariance matrix of a quantum system. The existence of CMT observers is analyzed, and a sufficient and necessary condition is provided to ensure the physical realization of CMT observers to be consistent with the laws of quantum mechanics. The performance of a CMT vs. mean tracking coherent observer is compared in an illustrated example, and we demonstrate for the first time coherent tracking of entanglement. These results shed light on observer-based coherent control design.

Proceedings of the ... American Control Conference/Proceedings of the American Control Conference•Jul 1, 2015•0 citations

Coherent quantum observers for n-level quantum systems

Zibo Miao, Luis A. Duffaut Espinosa, Ian R. Petersen +2 more

The purpose of this paper is to find coherent quantum observers for open n-level quantum systems. Recently, a class of linear coherent observers has been developed for quantum harmonic oscillators. However, open n-level quantum systems, which are characterized by bilinear quantum stochastic differential equations, escape the realm of the known theory. Therefore, in this paper we show how a coherent quantum observer is designed to track the corresponding n-level quantum plant asymptotically in the sense of mean values. We also discuss suboptimal quantum observers in the sense of least mean squares estimation.

Australian Control Conference•Nov 1, 2013•10 citations

Design of coherent quantum observers in the presence of unknown inputs

Dong He, Zibo Miao

In this paper, we proceed with our research on coherent quantum observers, with a focus on the scenario where there exist unknown inputs to the quantum plant. In our previous studies, we were mainly concerned with linear quantum plants in the absence of unknown inputs. However, when there are unmodeled dynamics or disturbances in quantum systems, the quantum version of Luenberger observers or Kalman filters might not be adequate. Given that no prior knowledge is assumed for the unknown inputs, we take advantage of the Hautus lemma to improve the robustness in observing a quantum system. More precisely, we consider linear quantum stochastic systems with unknown inputs involved whose dynamics correspond to open quantum harmonic oscillators. We show the procedure regarding synthesis of coherent observers for such systems that accomplish the task of simultaneously estimating system variables together with the unknown inputs, which is also illustrated by a simulation example.

Chinese Automation Congress•Nov 6, 2020•1 citation

Coherently tracking the covariance matrix of an open quantum system

Zibo Miao, Michael Hush, M. R. James

Coherent feedback control of quantum systems has demonstrable advantages over measurement-based control, but so far there has been little work done on coherent estimators and more specifically coherent observers. Coherent observers are input the coherent output of a specified quantum plant and are designed such that some subset of the observer's and plant's expectation values converge in the asymptotic limit. We previously developed a class of mean tracking (MT) observers for open harmonic oscillators that only converged in mean position and momentum; here we develop a class of covariance matrix tracking (CMT) coherent observers that track both the mean and the covariance matrix of a quantum plant. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a CMT observer and find that there are more restrictions on a CMT observer than there are on a MT observer. We give examples where we demonstrate how to design a CMT observer and show that it can be used to track properties like the entanglement of a plant. As the CMT observer provides more quantum information than a MT observer, we expect it will have greater application in future coherent feedback schemes mediated by coherent observers. Investigation of coherent quantum estimators and observers is important in the ongoing discussion of quantum measurement because they provide an estimation of a system's quantum state without explicit use of the measurement postulate in their derivation.

arXiv:1502.03590•Physical Review A•Jul 20, 2015•14 citations

Design of coherent quantum observers for linear quantum systems

Shanon L Vuglar, Nina H. Amini

Quantum versions of control problems are often more difficult than their classical counterparts because of the additional constraints imposed by quantum dynamics. For example, the quantum LQG and quantum optimal control problems remain open. To make further progress, new, systematic and tractable methods need to be developed. This paper gives three algorithms for designing coherent quantum observers, i.e., quantum systems that are connected to a quantum plant and their outputs provide information about the internal state of the plant. Importantly, coherent quantum observers avoid measurements of the plant outputs. We compare our coherent quantum observers with a classical (measurement-based) observer by way of an example involving an optical cavity with thermal and vacuum noises as inputs.

arXiv:1401.2259•New Journal of Physics•Dec 2, 2014•10 citations
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extension of the Luenberger observer design approach to linear quantum stochastic systems to obtain coherent quantum observers. We show how a physically realizable quantum observer can be designed, consistent with the laws of quantum mechanics. The quantum observer has the property that the mean values of the observer variables asymptotically track the corresponding mean values of the plant. In addition, we discuss entanglement of the joint plant-observer state, as well as the implications of the no-cloning theorem. Several examples are considered.
We previously extended Luenberger's approach for observer design to the quantum case, and developed a class of coherent observers which tracks linear quantum stochastic systems in the sense of mean values. In light of the fact that the Luenberger observer is commonly and successfully applied in classical control, it is interesting to investigate the role of coherent observers in quantum feedback. As the first step in exploring observer-based coherent control, in this paper we study pole-placement techniques for quantum systems using coherent observers, and in such a fashion, poles of a closed-loop quantum system can be relocated at any desired locations. In comparison to classical feedback control design incorporating the Luenberger observer, here direct coupling between a quantum plant and the observer-based controller are allowed to enable a greater degree of freedom for the design of controller parameters. A separation principle is presented, and we show how to design the observer and feedback independently to be consistent with the laws of quantum mechanics. The proposed scheme is applicable to coherent feedback control of quantum systems, especially when the transient dynamic response is of interest, and this issue is illustrated in an example.
It is becoming apparent that coherent feedback control of quantum systems has significant advantages over measurement-based control, but not much progress has been made on coherent estimators. In our previous work, a class of coherent quantum observers was developed, which tracks linear quantum stochastic systems in the sense of mean values. However, in the majority of quantum technologies, apart from mean value quantities, correlations and variances are critical elements because they are connected with energy and entanglement. Therefore, in this paper, we create a covariance matrix tracking (CMT) coherent observer that enables the asymptotic tracking of both the mean and covariance matrix of a quantum system. The existence of CMT observers is analyzed, and a sufficient and necessary condition is provided to ensure the physical realization of CMT observers to be consistent with the laws of quantum mechanics. The performance of a CMT vs. mean tracking coherent observer is compared in an illustrated example, and we demonstrate for the first time coherent tracking of entanglement. These results shed light on observer-based coherent control design.
The purpose of this paper is to find coherent quantum observers for open n-level quantum systems. Recently, a class of linear coherent observers has been developed for quantum harmonic oscillators. However, open n-level quantum systems, which are characterized by bilinear quantum stochastic differential equations, escape the realm of the known theory. Therefore, in this paper we show how a coherent quantum observer is designed to track the corresponding n-level quantum plant asymptotically in the sense of mean values. We also discuss suboptimal quantum observers in the sense of least mean squares estimation.
In this paper, we proceed with our research on coherent quantum observers, with a focus on the scenario where there exist unknown inputs to the quantum plant. In our previous studies, we were mainly concerned with linear quantum plants in the absence of unknown inputs. However, when there are unmodeled dynamics or disturbances in quantum systems, the quantum version of Luenberger observers or Kalman filters might not be adequate. Given that no prior knowledge is assumed for the unknown inputs, we take advantage of the Hautus lemma to improve the robustness in observing a quantum system. More precisely, we consider linear quantum stochastic systems with unknown inputs involved whose dynamics correspond to open quantum harmonic oscillators. We show the procedure regarding synthesis of coherent observers for such systems that accomplish the task of simultaneously estimating system variables together with the unknown inputs, which is also illustrated by a simulation example.
Coherent feedback control of quantum systems has demonstrable advantages over measurement-based control, but so far there has been little work done on coherent estimators and more specifically coherent observers. Coherent observers are input the coherent output of a specified quantum plant and are designed such that some subset of the observer's and plant's expectation values converge in the asymptotic limit. We previously developed a class of mean tracking (MT) observers for open harmonic oscillators that only converged in mean position and momentum; here we develop a class of covariance matrix tracking (CMT) coherent observers that track both the mean and the covariance matrix of a quantum plant. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a CMT observer and find that there are more restrictions on a CMT observer than there are on a MT observer. We give examples where we demonstrate how to design a CMT observer and show that it can be used to track properties like the entanglement of a plant. As the CMT observer provides more quantum information than a MT observer, we expect it will have greater application in future coherent feedback schemes mediated by coherent observers. Investigation of coherent quantum estimators and observers is important in the ongoing discussion of quantum measurement because they provide an estimation of a system's quantum state without explicit use of the measurement postulate in their derivation.
Quantum versions of control problems are often more difficult than their classical counterparts because of the additional constraints imposed by quantum dynamics. For example, the quantum LQG and quantum optimal control problems remain open. To make further progress, new, systematic and tractable methods need to be developed. This paper gives three algorithms for designing coherent quantum observers, i.e., quantum systems that are connected to a quantum plant and their outputs provide information about the internal state of the plant. Importantly, coherent quantum observers avoid measurements of the plant outputs. We compare our coherent quantum observers with a classical (measurement-based) observer by way of an example involving an optical cavity with thermal and vacuum noises as inputs.