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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

Critical properties of a spin glass with anisotropic Dzyaloshinskii - Moriya interaction

Jürgen Stein

Published Mar 7, 1996• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the classical n-vector spin glass with anisotropic quenched random Dzyaloshinskii - Moriya (DM) interaction. A random DM interaction with m independent and separated couplings defines a generalized gauge-glass model with a rotational symmetry and a broken global reflection invariance. It is shown that this model is in the same universality class as the random-gauge XY (`gauge glass') model. With an additional uniaxial anisotropy, a crossover from Ising-like to gauge-glass critical behaviour is found for a sufficiently large variance of the DM interaction. A new situation arises when there is correlation between the separated random DM couplings. We show that the critical behaviour of a spin glass with two correlated couplings of the anisotropic DM interaction is in a new universality class. The critical exponents and of this model are calculated at two-loop order near six dimensions. We also present a simplified and more rigorous field-theoretic analysis of the gauge-glass model.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/29/5/012

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Physical review. B, Condensed matter•May 1, 1991•13 citations
We study the classical n-vector spin glass with anisotropic quenched random Dzyaloshinskii - Moriya (DM) interaction. A random DM interaction with m independent and separated couplings defines a generalized gauge-glass model with a rotational symmetry and a broken global reflection invariance. It is shown that this model is in the same universality class as the random-gauge XY (`gauge glass') model. With an additional uniaxial anisotropy, a crossover from Ising-like to gauge-glass critical behaviour is found for a sufficiently large variance of the DM interaction. A new situation arises when there is correlation between the separated random DM couplings. We show that the critical behaviour of a spin glass with two correlated couplings of the anisotropic DM interaction is in a new universality class. The critical exponents and of this model are calculated at two-loop order near six dimensions. We also present a simplified and more rigorous field-theoretic analysis of the gauge-glass model.
The critical exponents of the classical spin glasses with O ( m − 2 n )⊗ U ( n ) symmetry are obtained to order 2 of the -expansion around six dimensions, where = 6 − d . This new unitary symmetry is realized in the m -vector ( m ⩾ 2) spin glasses with anisotropic quenched random Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction. Such a random DM interaction with n correlated couplings leads to critical exponents which are different from those of any isotropic m -vector spin glass and thus belong to new universality classes.
In the static replica symmetric approximation, a quantum Heisenberg S=1 spin-glass model with single-ion uniaxial anisotropy and infinite-range random Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction in applied magnetic fields is investigated. The local susceptibility and the corresponding order parameters are calculated numerically, and are found to be in good agreement with those of thermofield dynamics. The dependences of entropy and specific heat on temperature are studied numerically at various magnetic fields. It is shown that the entropy is always positive and the quantum fluctuation has a very strong effect on the specific heat. Especially, the typical crossover behaviour of the specific heat of a spin glass at various magnetic fields for mixed-anisotropy interactions is found.
We investigate the nature of the critical behaviour of the random-anisotropy Heisenberg model (RAM), which describes magnetic systems with random uniaxial single-site anisotropy, such as some amorphous alloys of rare earths and transition metals. In particular, we consider the strong-anisotropy limit (SRAM), in which the Hamiltonian can be rewritten as the one of an Ising spin-glass model with correlated bond disorder. We perform Monte Carlo simulations of the SRAM on simple cubic lattices of linear size L , up to L = 30, measuring correlation functions of the replica–replica overlap, which is the order parameter at a glass transition. The corresponding results show critical behaviour and finite-size scaling. They provide evidence of a finite-temperature continuous transition with critical exponents η o = −0.24(4) and ν o = 2.4(6). These results are close to the corresponding estimates that have been obtained in the usual Ising spin-glass model with uncorrelated bond disorder, suggesting that the two models belong to the same universality class. We also determine the leading correction-to-scaling exponent, finding ω = 1.0(4).
The random anisotropy axis model (RAM) in two dimensions (d=2) is studied in the limit of infinite anisotropy strength using the large-cell renormalisation group method. It is found that the model exhibits a 'zero-temperature phase transition', to a nonferromagnetic ground state, with critical exponents consistent with those of the d=2 Ising spin glass model. It is concluded that the RAM belongs to the universality class of the Ising spin glass, at least for d=2 and probably for all d<or=4.
We have studied the critical properties of the three-dimensional random anisotropy Heisenberg model by means of numerical simulations using the Parallel Tempering method. We have simulated the model with two different disorder distributions, cubic and isotropic ones, with two different anisotropy strengths for each disorder class. For the case of the anisotropic disorder, we have found evidence of universality by finding critical exponents and universal dimensionless ratios independent of the strength of the disorder. In the case of isotropic disorder distribution the situation is very involved: we have found two phase transitions in the magnetization channel which are merging for larger lattices remaining a zero magnetization low-temperature phase. Studying this region using a spin-glass order parameter we have found evidence for a spin-glass phase transition. We have estimated effective critical exponents for the spin-glass phase transition for the different values of the strength of the isotropic disorder, discussing the crossover regime.
The infinite-range quantum vector spin glass with random Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya anisotropy (with variances J and D for random bonds and anisotropy, respectively) and external magnetic field (h) is studied by means of the thermofield dynamics as a substitute for the replica method for the spin values S=1/2, 1, and 3/2. The temperature-anisotropy phase diagrams have been calculated numerically for arbitrary anisotropy and different values of the applied magnetic field h. The stability analysis of the mean-field-type solution against the action of fluctuations has been performed, leading to the upper and lower critical lines in the field-temperature plane. For small values of the reduced anisotropy variance d=D/J (0.1d0.3), we find a crossover of the upper critical line from the de Almeida--Thouless (AT) -type behavior [Tc{\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}Tc​(h)\ensuremath{\propto}h2/3{\mathit{h}}^{2/3}h2/3] for small fields to the Gabay-Toulouse (GT) -like behavior [Tc{\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}Tc​(h)\ensuremath{\propto}h2{\mathit{h}}^{2}h2] for large fields. For larger anisotropies (d\ensuremath{\ge}0.3) the upper critical line is essentially that of the AT type. Interestingly, the lower critical line, which persists for d0.5, exhibits the reverse type of behavior for the corresponding values of the anisotropy d. Additionally, we have analyzed transverse and longitudinal susceptibilities for different values of the field h. We found that a small amount of the anisotropy d stabilizes a plateau of the local susceptibilities in the spin-glass phase.