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Physical Review E

Radial compression of protons and H3+ ions in a multiring trap for the production of ultralow energy antiproton beams

H. Higaki, N. Kuroda, K. Yoshiki Franzén, Ziming Wang, M. Hori, A. Mohri, Ken-Ichiro Komaki, Y. Yamazaki

Published Aug 24, 2004• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Radial compression of a proton cloud was performed in a multiring trap which was designed to trap and cool a large number of antiprotons for the production of low-energy ( 10-1000 eV ) antiproton beams. The resonance frequency for the radial compression was almost constant from 3 x 10(5) to 3 x 10(6) protons. The collision process of the trapped protons was also investigated to estimate the energy of the protons inside the trap. This technique will be applied to the ASACUSA experiment at the antiproton decelerator, CERN, to extract ultraslow antiprotons with good emittance.

DOI
10.1103/physreve.70.026501

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AIP conference proceedings•Jan 1, 2012•0 citations
Radial compression of a proton cloud was performed in a multiring trap which was designed to trap and cool a large number of antiprotons for the production of low-energy ( 10-1000 eV ) antiproton beams. The resonance frequency for the radial compression was almost constant from 3 x 10(5) to 3 x 10(6) protons. The collision process of the trapped protons was also investigated to estimate the energy of the protons inside the trap. This technique will be applied to the ASACUSA experiment at the antiproton decelerator, CERN, to extract ultraslow antiprotons with good emittance.
We have used a radio frequency quadrupole decelerator to decelerate antiprotons emerging from the CERN Antiproton Decelerator from MeV- to keV-scale energy, and collected five decelerated pulses in a multiring trap. Some 5 x 10(6) antiprotons were stacked in this way. Cooling of the trapped antiprotons by a simultaneously trapped electron plasma was studied nondestructively via shifts in plasma mode frequencies. We have also demonstrated the first step in extracting a 10-500 eV antiproton beam from the trap.
Ultra slow mono-energetic antiproton beams are under preparation combining novel techniques to decelerate antiprotons with an RFQD (Radio Frequency Quadrupole Decelerator), to trap, cool, and compress in an electromagnetic trap, and finally to extract as an ultra slow mono-energetic beam. This unique beam will make it possible to study the ionization processes around adiabatic energy regions, channeling, stopping power, antiprotonic atom formation processes under single collision conditions, to prepare metastable antiprotonic atoms such as p̄p, p̄He+, p̄He++, p̄Li+ in vacuum, and to make high precision laser spectroscopy of them. This project named ASACUSA (Atomic Spectroscopy And Collisions Using Slow Antiprotons) is expected to open a new physics regime in antimatter science under well controlled conditions.
Antiproton, the antiparticle of proton, is a unique projectile in the study of atomic collision physics, which can be treated theoretically either as a `negative proton' or a `heavy electron'. Atomic capture of an antiproton will result in formation of a highly excited exotic atom. Antiprotonic helium atom has been studied intensively by means of precision laser spectroscopy, which has led to a stringent determination of antiproton mass and charge to a level of ppb. Comparison of these values with those of proton gives one of the best tests of CPT invariance, the most fundamental symmetry in physics. However, the dynamic processes of antiproton capture remain unclarified, except for some indirect information given by those optical and X-ray observations. With an aim to produce an antiproton beam at atomic-physics energies for `pure' collision experiments, we have so far developed techniques to decelerate, cool and confine antiprotons in vacuo, using a sequential combination of the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) at CERN, a Radio-Frequency Quadrupole Decelerator (RFQD), and an electromagnetic trap. Our recent success in stable extraction of monoenergetic ultra-slow antiprotons, about 3×105 in number available every 5 minutes, has opened up the possibility to study ionization and atomic capture processes between an antiproton thus provided as a beam and an atom prepared in the form of a supersonic gas-jet target, at an unprecedented low energy from 10 eV to 1 keV under the single-collision condition. Our design and strategy of the cross-beam experiments are discussed.
Over the last decades it has become routine to form beams of positrons and antiprotons and to use them to produce trapped samples of both species for a variety of purposes. Positrons can be captured efficiently, for instance using a buffer-gas system, and in such quantities to form dense, single component plasmas useful for antihydrogen formation. The latter is possible using developments of techniques for dynamically capturing and then cooling antiprotons ejected from the Antiproton Decelerator at CERN. The antiprotons can then be manipulated by cloud compression and evaporative cooling to form tailored plasmas. We will review recent advances that have allowed antihydrogen atoms to be confined for the first time in a shallow magnetic minimum neutral atom trap superimposed upon the region in which the antiparticles are held and mixed. A new mixing technique has been developed to help achieve this using autoresonant excitation of the centreofmass longitudinal motion of an antiproton cloud. This allows efficient antihydrogen formation without imparting excess energy to the antiprotons and helps enhance the probability of trapping the anti-atom. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.