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Optics Communications

Observation of narrow resonances with a pulsed broadband laser by means of the nonlinear Hanle effect

K. Ernst, M. Grabińska, M. Inguscio

Published Sep 1, 1989• 4 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0030-4018(89)90237-x

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For pt.I see ibid., vol.9, p.357 (1976). A theory of the optical pumping of high-J molecule levels with a broad-band CW laser has previously been developed. The linewidth of the Hanle effect is analysed in the present paper for two particular cases in which an exact integration is possible. These cases are: (i) gT (where g is the Lande factor and T the lifetime) is the same for the two levels; and (ii) one of the Lande factors vanishes. In general, the Hanle resonance is power-broadened for high laser intensities. However, in the case of a zero Lande factor of the ground state, the theory predicts a radiative narrowing of the Hanle effect. It is shown that this most unusual feature is connected to the fact that, in the latter case, the physical observables of the resonance level may get the ground-state lifetime, when the transition is saturated.
High-peak-power ultrafast lasers are widely used in nonlinear spectroscopy, but often limit its spectral resolution because of the broad frequency bandwidth of ultrashort laser pulses. Improving the resolution by achieving spectrally narrow excitation of, or emission from, the resonant medium by means of multiphoton interferences has been the focus of many recent developments in ultrafast spectroscopy. We demonstrate an alternative approach in which high resolution is exercised by detecting narrow spectral correlations between broadband excitation and emission optical fields. All-optical correlation analysis, easily incorporated into a traditional spectroscopic setup, enables direct, robust, and simultaneous detection of multiple narrow resonances in a single measurement.
The ultra narrow resonances, obtained by means of polarization spectroscopy of alkali atoms, originate from the destruction of the laser-induced coherence in the ground state. In the case of single-frequency, near resonance excitation and suitable geometry the well-known ground state Hanle effect is observed. Coherent population trapping in Hanle configuration is a nonlinear modification of this effect, observed in the fluorescence from the upper level. The ground state coherence is transmitted from the laser field and higher rank polarization moments are created. Using the irreducible tensor operator formal- ism programs for numerical modelling of this effect has been developed and presented here. The velocity distribution of the atoms, the Gaussian distribu- tion of the laser beam, stray magnetic field, and the experimental geometry are taken into account. The scheme of conversion of the octupole (� = 3) and hex- adecapole (� = 4) polarization moments (PM) through the laser and magnetic fields into the upper level quadropoles f 2 q is proposed. The conversion of the high-rank polarization moments (PM) into observable components is also dis- cussed. The results of the modelling are compared with the measured ones at different experimental conditions.