Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Chinese Physics Letters

Two Kinds of Cavity Geometry for Enhanced Laser Cooling of Solids

Jia You-Hua, Biao Zhong, Yin Jian-Ping

Published Jul 1, 2010• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a comparison between intracavity cooling and external cavity cooling for optical refrigeration. The results show that the intracavity scheme is preferred at low optical densities (< 0.008), while the external cavity scheme is preferred at higher optical densities (> 0.01). We can choose the proper scheme for different cases in experiments. Moreover, under the same conditions, taking Yb 3+ -doped ZBLAN (ZrF 4 -BaF 2 -LaF 3 -AlF 3 -NaF) film as an example, the cooling processes of the two scheme are obtained. The calculated results show that intracavity cooling will achieve a larger temperature drop for a thin film sample. Finally, the diode laser may become a candidate for the intracavity model briefly discussed.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/27/7/073201

Related papers

Cavity Enhanced Laser Cooling of Solids

Biao Zhong, Youhua Jia, Jianping Yi

Since the successful realization of laser cooling of solids in 19951, the optical cooling techniques2-5 have made fast development, and laser cooling experiments have obtained some important progress. However, how to improve the absorption of pump laser and enhance the temperature drops so as to realize the practical optical refrigeration, it has become a hot research point in applied physics. As early as 2002, the Heeg et. al proposed an extraor intra-cavity enhancement scheme to improve the laser cooling effect of solids2, and experimentally demonstrated their intra-cavity enhancement scheme in 2004, and found that there is no large temperature drops due to the experimental parameters were not optimized3. In 2003, Hoyt proposed a multiple-pass scheme to enhance the absorption of pump laser and did a series of experimental researches about the multiple-pass scheme4. As expected, a greater temperature drop was obtained. However, due to some limitation in the early work, it is difficulty to cool the sample to the cryogenics temperature, such as low absorption of cooling materials5, the coating of the sample surfaces3, the purity of the sample6, the load from the ambient1,7, etc. Therefore, people have done much work to improve the record of temperature drop. For example, to avoid the coating absorption deposited on the sample surface, they cut the sample with a Brewster angle along with the cavity axis8, or improve the purity of cooling material9-11, and so on. Mansoor. Seletskiy used the multi-pass scheme to do some meaningful experiments and obtain a milestone progress, that is, they cool a high pure Yb3+-doped YLF to cryogenic temperature12 in this year. To obtain an efficient absorption, another scheme was proposed to insert a Brewster-cut sample into a resonant cavity and make the cavity to be resonated with the pump laser, and then the maximum absorption of the pump laser can be achieved 2, 13-18. Seletskiy demonstrated this scheme in the experiment13. However, this scheme depends on the power of the pump laser. Fortunately, the intra-cavity scheme proposed by Heeg can solve this problem in the case of low absorption2. He also suggested that inserting a cooling sample into the resonant cavity of a laser with a gain (so-called intra-cavity enhancement scheme) to realize the maximum absorption of the pump laser2, 14, 19 and carried out it in the experiment3. Besides of enhancement laser cooling of bulk solids using resonant cavity, we propose another new scheme to optically cool some film materials (i.e., filmier solids) by using a high fineness planar waveguide, which is similar to the cavity enhanced cooling scheme. In our laser cooling scheme, the solid film as a high-index gap waveguide is separated from a prism by a low-index gap one, and an incident laser beam is resonantly coupled into a

InTech eBooks•Apr 1, 2011•0 citations

Alternative technique for laser cooling with superradiance

Galina A. Nemova, Raman Kashyap

We present a theoretical scheme for laser cooling of rare-earth-doped solids with optical superradiance (SR), which is the coherent, sharply directed spontaneous emission of photons by a system of laser-excited rare-earth ions in the solid-state host (glass or crystal). We consider an Yb${}^{+}$-doped ZnF${}_{4}$-BaF${}_{2}$-LaF${}_{3}$-AlF${}_{3}$-NaF (ZBLAN) sample pumped at a wavelength 1015 nm, with a rectangular pulsed source with a power of \ensuremath{\sim}433 W and a duration of 10 ns. The intensity of the SR is proportional to the square of the number of excited ions. This unique feature of SR permits an increase in the rate of the cooling process in comparison with the traditional laser cooling of the rare-earth-doped solids with anti-Stokes spontaneous incoherent radiation (fluorescence). This scheme overcomes the limitation of using only low phonon energy glasses for laser cooling.

arXiv:1007.3277•Physical Review A•Jan 19, 2011•16 citations

Laser cooling using cavity enhanced pump absorption

Denis V. Seletskiy, Michael P. Hasselbeck, Mansoor Sheik‐Bahae +1 more

We discuss a cavity enhanced resonant absorption (CERA) approach for increasing optical pump absorption. This is demonstrated in the context of laser cooling of solids, where the absorption in ytterbium (Yb+3) ion is increased by over an order of magnitude. This corresponds to more than 90% absorption efficiency. We demonstrate cooling with Yb:ZBLAN and obtain &Dgr;T = -3 K starting from room temperature.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Feb 8, 2007•13 citations

Laser cooling in solids: advances and prospects

Denis V. Seletskiy, Richard I. Epstein, Mansoor Sheik‐Bahae

This review discusses the progress and ongoing efforts in optical refrigeration. Optical refrigeration is a process in which phonons are removed from a solid by anti-Stokes fluorescence. The review first summarizes the history of optical refrigeration, noting the success in cooling rare-earth-doped solids to cryogenic temperatures. It then examines in detail a four-level model of rare-earth-based optical refrigeration. This model elucidates the essential roles that the various material parameters, such as the spacing of the energy levels and the radiative quantum efficiency, play in the process of optical refrigeration. The review then describes the experimental techniques for cryogenic optical refrigeration of rare-earth-doped solids employing non-resonant and resonant optical cavities. It then examines the work on laser cooling of semiconductors, emphasizing the differences between optical refrigeration of semiconductors and rare-earth-doped solids and the new challenges and advantages of semiconductors. It then describes the significant experimental results including the observed optical refrigeration of CdS nanostructures. The review concludes by discussing the engineering challenges to the development of practical optical refrigerators, and the potential advantages and uses of these refrigerators.

Reports on Progress in Physics•Aug 3, 2016•126 citations

Laser cooling of solids: latest achievements and prospects

Raman Kashyap, Galina A. Nemova

Laser cooling of solids, also known as optical refrigeration, is an area of optical science investigating the interaction of light with condensed matter to remove thermal energy of a solid through the interaction of the pump photons and phonons in a solid. Apart from being of fundamental scientific interest, this topic addresses a number of important practical issues such as the development of all solid state optical cryo-coolers, and biological applications. A short history of laser cooling as well as latest achievement of optical refrigeration in rare-earth (RE) doped macro-samples are presented and discussed in the paper. The main technique of laser cooling of RE doped solids based on anti-Stokes fluorescence is presented in this paper. The new approach to optical refrigeration based on the Raman cooling is also considered. It is shown that the future prospects of the research are connected with laser cooling of μm- and nm-sized samples, are in their applications in biophysics in the fundamental studies of low-temperature physics.

Optical and Electronic Cooling of Solids•Feb 22, 2018•4 citations

Intracavity optical refrigeration to 131K using high-power vertical external-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VECSELs)

Mohammadreza Ghasemkhani, Alexander R. Albrecht, Seth D. Melgaard +3 more

Laser cooling of Yb:YLF crystal to 131 K from room temperature has been demonstrated in an active intracavity arrangement for enhanced pump absorption. The laser is a high-power, broadly-tunable InGaAs/GaAs MQW VECSEL capable of producing 20 Watts at 1020 nm, directly at the E4-E5 transition of the Yb-ion. This is the coldest temperature achieved to date in an intracavity geometry and without sophisticated heat load management of the crystal. This progress presents a significant advancement towards an all-solid-state compact cryocooler.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Feb 19, 2014•2 citations
We present a comparison between intracavity cooling and external cavity cooling for optical refrigeration. The results show that the intracavity scheme is preferred at low optical densities (< 0.008), while the external cavity scheme is preferred at higher optical densities (> 0.01). We can choose the proper scheme for different cases in experiments. Moreover, under the same conditions, taking Yb 3+ -doped ZBLAN (ZrF 4 -BaF 2 -LaF 3 -AlF 3 -NaF) film as an example, the cooling processes of the two scheme are obtained. The calculated results show that intracavity cooling will achieve a larger temperature drop for a thin film sample. Finally, the diode laser may become a candidate for the intracavity model briefly discussed.
Since the successful realization of laser cooling of solids in 19951, the optical cooling techniques2-5 have made fast development, and laser cooling experiments have obtained some important progress. However, how to improve the absorption of pump laser and enhance the temperature drops so as to realize the practical optical refrigeration, it has become a hot research point in applied physics. As early as 2002, the Heeg et. al proposed an extraor intra-cavity enhancement scheme to improve the laser cooling effect of solids2, and experimentally demonstrated their intra-cavity enhancement scheme in 2004, and found that there is no large temperature drops due to the experimental parameters were not optimized3. In 2003, Hoyt proposed a multiple-pass scheme to enhance the absorption of pump laser and did a series of experimental researches about the multiple-pass scheme4. As expected, a greater temperature drop was obtained. However, due to some limitation in the early work, it is difficulty to cool the sample to the cryogenics temperature, such as low absorption of cooling materials5, the coating of the sample surfaces3, the purity of the sample6, the load from the ambient1,7, etc. Therefore, people have done much work to improve the record of temperature drop. For example, to avoid the coating absorption deposited on the sample surface, they cut the sample with a Brewster angle along with the cavity axis8, or improve the purity of cooling material9-11, and so on. Mansoor. Seletskiy used the multi-pass scheme to do some meaningful experiments and obtain a milestone progress, that is, they cool a high pure Yb3+-doped YLF to cryogenic temperature12 in this year. To obtain an efficient absorption, another scheme was proposed to insert a Brewster-cut sample into a resonant cavity and make the cavity to be resonated with the pump laser, and then the maximum absorption of the pump laser can be achieved 2, 13-18. Seletskiy demonstrated this scheme in the experiment13. However, this scheme depends on the power of the pump laser. Fortunately, the intra-cavity scheme proposed by Heeg can solve this problem in the case of low absorption2. He also suggested that inserting a cooling sample into the resonant cavity of a laser with a gain (so-called intra-cavity enhancement scheme) to realize the maximum absorption of the pump laser2, 14, 19 and carried out it in the experiment3. Besides of enhancement laser cooling of bulk solids using resonant cavity, we propose another new scheme to optically cool some film materials (i.e., filmier solids) by using a high fineness planar waveguide, which is similar to the cavity enhanced cooling scheme. In our laser cooling scheme, the solid film as a high-index gap waveguide is separated from a prism by a low-index gap one, and an incident laser beam is resonantly coupled into a
We present a theoretical scheme for laser cooling of rare-earth-doped solids with optical superradiance (SR), which is the coherent, sharply directed spontaneous emission of photons by a system of laser-excited rare-earth ions in the solid-state host (glass or crystal). We consider an Yb+{}^{+}+-doped ZnF4{}_{4}4​-BaF2{}_{2}2​-LaF3{}_{3}3​-AlF3{}_{3}3​-NaF (ZBLAN) sample pumped at a wavelength 1015 nm, with a rectangular pulsed source with a power of \ensuremath{\sim}433 W and a duration of 10 ns. The intensity of the SR is proportional to the square of the number of excited ions. This unique feature of SR permits an increase in the rate of the cooling process in comparison with the traditional laser cooling of the rare-earth-doped solids with anti-Stokes spontaneous incoherent radiation (fluorescence). This scheme overcomes the limitation of using only low phonon energy glasses for laser cooling.
This review discusses the progress and ongoing efforts in optical refrigeration. Optical refrigeration is a process in which phonons are removed from a solid by anti-Stokes fluorescence. The review first summarizes the history of optical refrigeration, noting the success in cooling rare-earth-doped solids to cryogenic temperatures. It then examines in detail a four-level model of rare-earth-based optical refrigeration. This model elucidates the essential roles that the various material parameters, such as the spacing of the energy levels and the radiative quantum efficiency, play in the process of optical refrigeration. The review then describes the experimental techniques for cryogenic optical refrigeration of rare-earth-doped solids employing non-resonant and resonant optical cavities. It then examines the work on laser cooling of semiconductors, emphasizing the differences between optical refrigeration of semiconductors and rare-earth-doped solids and the new challenges and advantages of semiconductors. It then describes the significant experimental results including the observed optical refrigeration of CdS nanostructures. The review concludes by discussing the engineering challenges to the development of practical optical refrigerators, and the potential advantages and uses of these refrigerators.
Laser cooling of solids, also known as optical refrigeration, is an area of optical science investigating the interaction of light with condensed matter to remove thermal energy of a solid through the interaction of the pump photons and phonons in a solid. Apart from being of fundamental scientific interest, this topic addresses a number of important practical issues such as the development of all solid state optical cryo-coolers, and biological applications. A short history of laser cooling as well as latest achievement of optical refrigeration in rare-earth (RE) doped macro-samples are presented and discussed in the paper. The main technique of laser cooling of RE doped solids based on anti-Stokes fluorescence is presented in this paper. The new approach to optical refrigeration based on the Raman cooling is also considered. It is shown that the future prospects of the research are connected with laser cooling of μm- and nm-sized samples, are in their applications in biophysics in the fundamental studies of low-temperature physics.
Laser cooling of Yb:YLF crystal to 131 K from room temperature has been demonstrated in an active intracavity arrangement for enhanced pump absorption. The laser is a high-power, broadly-tunable InGaAs/GaAs MQW VECSEL capable of producing 20 Watts at 1020 nm, directly at the E4-E5 transition of the Yb-ion. This is the coldest temperature achieved to date in an intracavity geometry and without sophisticated heat load management of the crystal. This progress presents a significant advancement towards an all-solid-state compact cryocooler.