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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics

Collision of Rydberg atom A** with atom B in the ground electronic state. Optical potential

Gennady V. Golubkov, Alexander Z. Devdariani, Maxim G. Golubkov

Published Dec 1, 2002• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A method for calculating the complex optical potential of slowly colliding Rydberg atom A ** and neutral atom B in the ground electronic state is suggested. The method is based on the asymptotic approach and the theory of multichannel quantum defects, which uses the formalism of renormalized Lippmann-Schwinger equations. The potential is introduced as the 〈 q | V opt | q 〉 matrix element of the optical interaction operator, for which the integral equation is derived, and is calculated in the basis set of free particle wave functions | q 〉. Fairly simple equations for the shift and broadening of the ionic term are obtained, and the principal characteristics of these equations are analyzed. By way of illustration, the optical potential of the Na ** ( nl )+B systems, where B is a rare gas atom, is calculated.

DOI
10.1134/1.1537291

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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Jan 10, 2002•4 citations
A method for calculating the complex optical potential of slowly colliding Rydberg atom A ** and neutral atom B in the ground electronic state is suggested. The method is based on the asymptotic approach and the theory of multichannel quantum defects, which uses the formalism of renormalized Lippmann-Schwinger equations. The potential is introduced as the 〈 q | V opt | q 〉 matrix element of the optical interaction operator, for which the integral equation is derived, and is calculated in the basis set of free particle wave functions | q 〉. Fairly simple equations for the shift and broadening of the ionic term are obtained, and the principal characteristics of these equations are analyzed. By way of illustration, the optical potential of the Na ** ( nl )+B systems, where B is a rare gas atom, is calculated.
A theoretical model for the collision of atoms in high Rydberg states (nl) with neutral atoms or molecules is proposed, based on the assumption that the electron-perturber interaction is of very short range compared with the mean radius of the Rydberg atom. A semiclassical method is used to derive a compact expression for the collision probability. The calculations need total cross sections for the scattering of a free and low-energy electron by the perturber. The model is applied to the calculation of a free and low-energy electron by the perturber. The model is applied to the calculation of cross sections for the quenching of n 2 D or n 2 F Rydberg states of Na and Rb by rare-gas atoms of N 2 . On the whole the calculated cross sections are in reasonable agreement with experimental data for n>10 approximately. The model and the results of the calculations are discussed and compared with other theoretical works.
Atoms in highly excited Rydberg states possess physical characteristics quite unlike those associated with atoms in the ground or low-lying excited states. In particular, they are physically very large and are only very weakly bound. In consequence, collisions can lead to a wide variety of reaction processes many of which are unique to Rydberg species and have very large collision cross sections. In collisions with neutral targets, Rydberg atoms behave not as an atom but rather as a pair of well-separated independent scatterers, namely the core ion and the excited Rydberg electron. In the present article we discuss many of the different reactions that can occur when Rydberg atoms collide with neutral targets, focusing principally on reactions that are dominated by (binary) Rydberg electron-target interactions and include collisions with molecules that attach free low-energy electrons and with polar targets. In certain situations, however, interactions involving the Rydberg core ion are important. This is illustrated using as an example the destruction of ultralong-range Rydberg molecules excited in a cold dense gas.
A theory of inelastic n,l-changing and quasielastic l-mixing collisions of Rydberg atoms with the heavy rare-gas atoms is developed. It is based on the semiclassical impact-parameter approach combined with the normalized perturbation theory. Semiclassical formulas for scaled transition probabilities and cross sections as functions of the inelasticity parameter and the collision strength are analyzed. This approach gives a general description of collisional nl\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\mathit{n}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ transitions independently of the specific values of the principal quantum number, the relative velocity, and the type of colliding atoms. The energy and angular dependence of the electron-atom scattering amplitude is included in the theory by incorporating the impulse-approximation results in the weak-coupling limit. The Ramsauer-Townsend effect affects significantly the values of the cross sections, especially for the inelastic transitions with large energy transfer. The results obtained are used in calculations of the quenching cross sections for the Rb(nS,nD,nF) atoms in collisions with Ar, Kr, and Xe. Comparison of theory and experiment is made in a wide range of the principal quantum numbers and transition energy defects. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Processes involving a change of orbital angular momentum l and the dissociation of Rydberg molecules when they collide with inert-gas atoms are considered, using a method based on analyzing the terms of the interacting systems. The proposed method makes it possible to take into account the perturbations in a large group of Rydberg states that weakly penetrate into the ion core and to go beyond the limits of the two-level approximations [R. F. Stebbings and F. B. Dunning, eds., Rydberg States of Atoms and Molecules (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1983; Mir, Moscow, 1985)] widely used in the theory of l mixing with the participation of Rydberg atoms. Using the Na**( nd )+Xe reaction as an example, it is demonstrated that this method gives good results in a wide range of variation of the principal quantum number n of the Rydberg electron ( n ≈10–40). Features of the l mixing and dissociation of Rydberg molecules are studied for the H 2 **+Xe system. It is shown that collisional dissociation occurs by the formation of an intermediate Rydberg state of the molecules, followed by self-decay into a dissociative continuum.
A theory is developed that allows a qualitative explanation and quantitative calculation of the widths and shifts of the two-photon Doppler-free transitions from the ground states of alkali atoms to Rydberg n 2 S and n 2 D states. The widths and shifts result from collisions between Rydberg atoms and ground-state alkali atoms, either of the same or of other species. The collisions are represented by means of a pseudopotential that is a function of theoretically calculated free-electron elastic scattering resonant and nonresonant phase shifts, which depend upon the Rydberg electron momentum. The momentum, in turn, is correlated with the electronic position within the Rydberg atom. This theory assumes classical straight-line trajectories and takes into consideration the multicollisional nature of the Rydberg-electron-perturbing-atom interaction within the Rydberg atom. Impact theory calculations of the linewidths and shifts for K**( n S)-K, K**( n S)-Rb, Rb**( n S)-Rb, Rb**( n S)-K, K**( n D)-K, K**( n D)-Rb, Rb**( n D)-Rb and Rb**( n D)-K show substantial agreement with experiment for 10⩽ n ⩽40.