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Science in China. Series G, Physics, mechanics & astronomy/Science in China. Series G, Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy

Enhanced continuous-variable entanglement by a pair of nonlinearly coupled waveguides

KeQuan Wang, Qiu-Bo Fan

Published Jun 29, 2009• 4 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11433-009-0164-4

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Abstract We study the quantum properties of light propagating through an array of coupled nonlinear waveguides and forming a discrete soliton. We demonstrate that it is possible to use certain types of quasi-solitons to form continuous variables entanglement between the certain pair of waveguides. Moreover, there is a possibility to entangle several pairs of waveguides independently. We show that the entanglement is generated for arbitrary high intensity of the input laser field, so it does not require a special material with an extremely high nonlinearity coefficient. Also, absorption in the waveguide media does not influence the discussed process too much.
We study continuous-variable entanglement of bright quantum states in a pair of evanescently coupled nonlinear ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(2)}$ waveguides operating in the regime of degenerate down conversion. We consider the case where only the energy of the nonlinearly generated fields is exchanged between the waveguides while the pump fields stay independently guided in each original waveguide. We show that this device, when operated in the depletion regime, entangles the two noninteracting bright pump modes due to a nonlinear cascade effect. It is also shown that two-color quadripartite entanglement can be produced when certain system parameters are appropriately set. This device works in the traveling-wave configuration, such that the generated quantum light shows a broad spectrum. The proposed device can be easily realized with current technology and therefore stands as a good candidate for a source of bipartite or multipartite entangled states for the emerging field of optical continuous-variable quantum information processing.
In a recent paper [Barral et al., Phys. Rev. A 96, 053822 (2017)], we proposed a strategy to generate bipartite and quadripartite continuous-variable entanglement of bright quantum states based on degenerate down-conversion in a pair of evanescently coupled nonlinear ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(2)}$ waveguides. Here, we show that the resources needed for obtaining these features can be optimized by exploiting the regime of second harmonic generation: the combination of depletion and coupling among pump beams indeed supplies all necessary wavelengths and appropriate phase mismatch along propagation. Our device thus entangles the two fundamental classical input fields without the participation of any harmonic ancilla. Depending on the propagation distance, the generated harmonics are entangled in bright or vacuum modes. We also evidence two-color bipartite and quadripartite entanglement over the interacting modes. The proposed device represents a boost in continuous-variable integrated quantum optics since it enables a broad range of quantum effects in a very simple scheme, which optimizes the resources and can be easily realized with current technology.