Addressing the feasibility of quantum communication with electrons we consider entangled spin states of electrons in a double-dot which is weakly coupled to leads. We show that the entanglement of two electrons in the double-dot can be detected in mesoscopic transport and noise measurements. In the Coulomb blockade and cotunneling regime the singlet and triplet states lead to phase-coherent current and noise contributions of opposite signs and to Aharonov-Bohm and Berry phase oscillations. These oscillations are a genuine two-particle effect and provide a direct measure of nonlocality in entangled states. We show that the ratio of zero-frequency noise to current is equal to the electron charge.Addressing the feasibility of quantum communication with electrons we consider entangled spin states of electrons in a double-dot which is weakly coupled to leads. We show that the entanglement of two electrons in the double-dot can be detected in mesoscopic transport and noise measurements. In the Coulomb blockade and cotunneling regime the singlet and triplet states lead to phase-coherent current and noise contributions of opposite signs and to Aharonov-Bohm and Berry phase oscillations. These oscillations are a genuine two-particle effect and provide a direct measure of nonlocality in entangled states. We show that the ratio of zero-frequency noise to current is equal to the electron charge.

arXiv:cond-mat/9907129Physical Review LettersJan 31, 2000262 citations

Noise of entangled electrons: Bunching and antibunching

Guido Burkard, Daniel Loss, Eugene V. Sukhorukov

Addressing the feasibility of quantum communication with entangled electrons in an interacting many-body environment, we propose an interference experiment using a scattering setup with an entangler and a beam splitter. It is shown that, due to electron-electron interaction, the spin correlation of the entangled singlet and triplet states is reduced by ${z}_{F}^{2}$ in a conductor described by Fermi liquid theory. We calculate the quasiparticle weight factor ${z}_{F}$ for a two-dimensional electron system. The current noise for electronic singlet states turns out to be enhanced (bunching behavior), while it is reduced for triplet states (antibunching). Within standard scattering theory, we find that the Fano factor (noise-to-current ratio) for singlets is twice as large as for independent classical particles and is reduced to zero for triplets.Addressing the feasibility of quantum communication with entangled electrons in an interacting many-body environment, we propose an interference experiment using a scattering setup with an entangler and a beam splitter. It is shown that, due to electron-electron interaction, the spin correlation of the entangled singlet and triplet states is reduced by ${z}_{F}^{2}$ in a conductor described by Fermi liquid theory. We calculate the quasiparticle weight factor ${z}_{F}$ for a two-dimensional electron system. The current noise for electronic singlet states turns out to be enhanced (bunching behavior), while it is reduced for triplet states (antibunching). Within standard scattering theory, we find that the Fano factor (noise-to-current ratio) for singlets is twice as large as for independent classical particles and is reduced to zero for triplets.

arXiv:cond-mat/9906071Physical review. B, Condensed matterJun 15, 2000251 citations

Shot Noise for Entangled and Spin-Polarized Electrons

J. Carlos Egues, Patrik Recher, Daniel S. Saraga +4 more

arXiv:cond-mat/0210498Springer eBooksJan 1, 20038 citations

Towards entangled electrons

Christoph Strunk

Nature NanotechnologyDec 24, 20093 citations

Spin-current noise and Bell inequalities in a realistic superconductor-quantum dot entangler

Olivier Sauret, Thierry Martin, D. Feinberg

Charge and spin current correlations are analyzed in a source of spin-entangled electrons built from a superconductor and two quantum dots in parallel. In addition to the ideal (crossed Andreev) channel, parasitic channels (direct Andreev and cotunneling) and spin flip processes are fully described in a density matrix framework. The way they reduce both the efficiency and the fidelity of the entangler is quantitatively described by analyzing the zero-frequency noise correlations of charge current as well as spin current in the two output branches. Spin current noise is characterized by a spin Fano factor, equal to 0 (total current noise) and $\ensuremath{-}1$ (crossed correlations) for an ideal entangler. The violation of the Bell inequalities, as a test of nonlocality (entanglement) of split pairs, is formulated in terms of the correlations of electron charge and spin numbers counted in a specific time window $\ensuremath{\tau}$. The efficiency of the test is analyzed, comparing $\ensuremath{\tau}$ to the various time scales in the entangler operation.Charge and spin current correlations are analyzed in a source of spin-entangled electrons built from a superconductor and two quantum dots in parallel. In addition to the ideal (crossed Andreev) channel, parasitic channels (direct Andreev and cotunneling) and spin flip processes are fully described in a density matrix framework. The way they reduce both the efficiency and the fidelity of the entangler is quantitatively described by analyzing the zero-frequency noise correlations of charge current as well as spin current in the two output branches. Spin current noise is characterized by a spin Fano factor, equal to 0 (total current noise) and $\ensuremath{-}1$ (crossed correlations) for an ideal entangler. The violation of the Bell inequalities, as a test of nonlocality (entanglement) of split pairs, is formulated in terms of the correlations of electron charge and spin numbers counted in a specific time window $\ensuremath{\tau}$. The efficiency of the test is analyzed, comparing $\ensuremath{\tau}$ to the various time scales in the entangler operation.

arXiv:cond-mat/0410325Physical Review BJul 28, 200542 citations

{z}_{F}^{2}

in a conductor described by Fermi liquid theory. We calculate the quasiparticle weight factor

{z}_{F}

for a two-dimensional electron system. The current noise for electronic singlet states turns out to be enhanced (bunching behavior), while it is reduced for triplet states (antibunching). Within standard scattering theory, we find that the Fano factor (noise-to-current ratio) for singlets is twice as large as for independent classical particles and is reduced to zero for triplets.