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Physical Review A

Waveguide for cold atoms: Spin-1 magnetic particles and a filamentary current

Kirstine Berg‐Sørensen, Michael M. Burns, J. A. Golovchenko, Lene Vestergaard Hau

Published Mar 1, 1996• 20 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We consider a waveguide for cold neutral atoms with a magnetic moment proportional to their spin angular momentum. The waveguide consists of a thin wire carrying a constant current. For the spin-1 case, we find bound states for the two-dimensional part of the motion around the wire, and present numerical and approximate analytic results for these bound states. In an experiment, the bound states can decay due to various effects, and we calculate the time scales involved. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.53.1653

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We consider a waveguide for cold neutral atoms with a magnetic moment proportional to their spin angular momentum. The waveguide consists of a thin wire carrying a constant current. For the spin-1 case, we find bound states for the two-dimensional part of the motion around the wire, and present numerical and approximate analytic results for these bound states. In an experiment, the bound states can decay due to various effects, and we calculate the time scales involved. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
We consider the quantized motion of neutral atoms at very low temperature in a two-dimensional magnetic quadrupole structure formed, for example, by four current-carrying wires along the z direction. The magnetic field B\mathbf{B}B in the guide is proportional to the vector $(x,\ensuremath{-}y).$ We show that this field can be used to make a single-mode atomic de Broglie waveguide which has bound states of low angular momentum, even though the field at the center of the guide goes to zero. We investigate the spectrum and decay rate of the transverse modes for spin-1/2 and spin-1 atoms.
We suggest the binding of neutral atoms to a current carrying wire through the interaction between the atomic magnetic dipole moment and the wire's magnetic field. The theoretical description is based upon an extension of the concept of supersymmetry to multicomponent wave functions. A solution for spin 12\frac{1}{2}21​ particles is obtained directly in coordinate space. Spin 1 particles are considered as well. Experimentally, the system should be immediately realizable for 25 mK sodium atoms around a wire with a diameter of $0.5\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ and a current of 400 mA.
We propose a novel magnetic guide for cold neutral atoms using some current-carrying conductors. The spatial distributions of the magnetic fields from a V-shaped or U-shaped current-carrying conductor are calculated, and the relationship between the resulting magnetic field and the parameters of the current-carrying conductors is analysed in detail. The result shows that these current-carrying conductors can be used to realize a single or a controllable double magnetic guide of cold atoms in the weak-field-seeking state, and to construct various atom-optical elements, and even to realize a single-mode atomic waveguiding under certain conditions.
We propose a novel magnetic guide for cold neutral atoms using some current-carring conductors,The spatial distributions of the magnetic fields from a V-shaped or U-shaped current-carrying coductor are calculated.and the relationship between the resulting magnetic field and the parametes of the current-carrying conductors is analysed in dtail,The result shows that these current-craaying conductors can be used to realize a single or a controllable double magnetic guide of cold atoms in the weak-field-seeking state,and to construct various atom-optical elements,and even to realize a single-mode atomic waveguiding under certain conditions.
Atom waveguides are used to manipulate cold atoms in atom interferometers. The creation of atom interferometers using cold atoms in miniature magnetic waveguides is one of many goals of current atom chip research. To achieve a complete understanding of atom propagation in a complicated device such as a guided atom interferometer, a detailed understanding of the ground state and other nearby states is needed. The Frobenius series solutions for the bounded transverse modes of an atomic waveguide are presented here and arbitrary precision arithmetic is used to evaluate the series solutions without roundoff errors. The waveguide potential considered is an infinitely long quadrupole magnetic potential as used in various atom chip waveguides. The simplest case of a guided spin-12 particle is presented here. However, the basic series techniques can be extended to both higher order multipole potentials and higher spin particles, including atoms with hyperfine splitting. The low-field and the high-field seeking states together form the spectrum of the waveguide Hamiltonian. In the limit where the transverse dimension of the guide tends to infinity, the spectrum of the guide changes from a discrete set of low- and high-field seeking states to a continuum of high-field seeking states embedded with a discrete set of low-field seeking states. Although the low-field seeking states are not truly bound, the system is an approximate example of bound states in a continuum first discussed by von Neumann and Wigner. Depending on boundary conditions, the solutions form either a discrete set or a continuum of orthogonal waveguide modes. These are useful for further analysis of ideal waveguide behavior as well as the detailed perturbation studies necessary for analysis of atomic waveguide interferometers.