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Advances in Natural Sciences Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Translational motion of an atom in a weakly driven fiber-Bragg-grating cavity

Fam Le Kien, K. Hakuta

Published May 4, 2012• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We study the translational motion of an atom in the vicinity of a weakly driven nanofiber with two fiber-Bragg-grating mirrors. We find that the spatial dependences of the force, the friction coefficients and the momentum diffusion are very complicated due to the evanescent-wave nature of the atom–field coupling as well as the effect of the van der Waals potential. We show that the time development of the mean number of photons in the cavity closely follows the translational motion of the atom through the nodes and antinodes of the fiber-guided cavity standing-wave field even though the cavity finesse is moderate, the cavity is long and the probe field is weak.

DOI
10.1088/2043-6262/3/2/025009

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Abstract We study the translational motion of an atom in the vicinity of a weakly driven nanofiber with two fiber-Bragg-grating mirrors. We find that the spatial dependences of the force, the friction coefficients and the momentum diffusion are very complicated due to the evanescent-wave nature of the atom–field coupling as well as the effect of the van der Waals potential. We show that the time development of the mean number of photons in the cavity closely follows the translational motion of the atom through the nodes and antinodes of the fiber-guided cavity standing-wave field even though the cavity finesse is moderate, the cavity is long and the probe field is weak.
We study the translational motion of an atom in the vicinity of a weakly driven nanofiber with two fiber-Bragg-grating mirrors. We calculate numerically and analytically the force, the friction coefficients, and the momentum diffusion. We find that the spatial dependences of the force, the friction coefficients, and the momentum diffusion are very complicated due to the evanescent-wave nature of the atom-field coupling as well as the effect of the van der Waals potential. We show that the time development of the mean number of photons in the cavity closely follows the translational motion of the atom through the nodes and antinodes of the fiber-guided cavity standing-wave field even though the cavity finesse is moderate, the cavity is long, and the probe field is weak.
We study the interaction of an atom with a quantum guided field in a weakly driven fiber-Bragg-grating (FBG) cavity. We present an effective Hamiltonian and derive the density-matrix equations for the combined atom-cavity system. We calculate the mean photon number, the second-order photon correlation function, and the atomic excited-state population. We show that due to the confinement of the guided cavity field in the fiber cross-section plane and in the space between the FBG mirrors, the presence of the atom in the FBG cavity can significantly affect the mean photon number and the photon statistics even though the cavity finesse is moderate, the cavity is long, and the probe field is weak.
We study the deterministic generation of single guided-mode photons from an atom in the vicinity of a nanofiber with two fiber-Bragg-grating (FBG) mirrors. The technique is based on a cavity-enhanced Raman scattering process involving an adiabatic passage. We take into account the scattering of the pump field from the fiber, the multilevel structure of the atom, and the surface-induced van der Waals potential in describing the photon generation process. We find that, due to the confinement of the cavity field in the transverse plane of the fiber and in the space between the FBG mirrors, the probability of the generation of a single guided-mode photon can be close to unity even when the finesse of the nanofiber cavity is moderate. We show the possibilities of saturation and power broadening in the behavior of the number of photons emitted into the nanofiber.
We study spontaneous emission of an atom near a nanofiber with two fiber-Bragg-grating (FBG) mirrors. We show that the coupling between the atom and the guided modes of the nanofiber can be significantly enhanced by the FBG cavity even when the cavity finesse is moderate. We find that, when the fiber radius is 200 nm and the cavity finesse is about 30, up to 94% of spontaneous emission from the atom can be channeled into the guided modes in the overdamped-cavity regime. We show numerically and analytically that vacuum Rabi oscillations and strong coupling can occur in the FBG cavity even when the cavity finesse is moderate (about 30) and the cavity length is large (on the order of 10 cm to 1 m), unlike the case of planar and curved Fabry-Perot cavities.
We study intracavity electromagnetically induced transparency in atoms around a nanofiber with a pair of Bragg grating mirrors. We calculate the transmission of the composite cavity-fiber-atom system and the time development of the guided probe light field. We derive analytical approximate expressions for the output probe field and its group delay. We show that the group delay of the guided light substantially depends on the input pulse length, the mirror reflectivity, the atomic number density, and the coupling field intensity. We demonstrate that the group delay of the guided light can be significantly enhanced by the presence of the fiber-Bragg-grating cavity even when the finesse of the cavity is moderate.
Summary form only given. We report on the observation of the many-atom dipole-dipole interaction in an ensemble of ultracold rubidium atoms strongly coupled to the standing-wave field of a weakly driven high-finesse optical cavity. The atoms split the cavity resonance into two normal modes. The many-atom light force changes the spatial distribution of the atoms, creating an asymmetry in the usually symmetric normal-mode spectrum, for intracavity photon numbers much less than one. This asymmetry is investigated as a function of the number of atoms and as a function of the intracavity photon number. Moreover, analytical expressions have been derived for the dipole force and the diffusion coefficient for an atom in presence of other atoms. These expressions allow us to simulate the trajectories of several atoms simultaneously. The calculated and measured spectra agree only if the full motional dynamics of all atoms is taken into account.