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The Astrophysical Journal

The Resonance Radiation Induced by Elliptically Polarized Light.

Donald R. Hamilton

Published Nov 1, 1947• 96 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The angular distribution and polarization of the resonance radiation are deduced for elliptically polar- ized light incident on an atomic system of arbitrary initial and intermediate total angular momenta. The incident and re-radiated light are characterized by Stokes's representation, which allows an immediate generalization to partially polarized incident radiation. The results follow closely in form those deduced for free electron (Rayleigh) scattering but give, in general, a rather smaller degree of anisotropy for the resonance radiation. The results also determine the complete correlation, in polarization and direction of propagation, of two successive quanta emitted by a radiating system

DOI
10.1086/144976

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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics•Aug 1, 2002•0 citations
The angular distribution and polarization of the resonance radiation are deduced for elliptically polar- ized light incident on an atomic system of arbitrary initial and intermediate total angular momenta. The incident and re-radiated light are characterized by Stokes's representation, which allows an immediate generalization to partially polarized incident radiation. The results follow closely in form those deduced for free electron (Rayleigh) scattering but give, in general, a rather smaller degree of anisotropy for the resonance radiation. The results also determine the complete correlation, in polarization and direction of propagation, of two successive quanta emitted by a radiating system
A compact expression for the cross section of scattering of an arbitrarily polarized light by aligned atomic systems is obtained, in which the dependence on the geometric parameters and the Stokes parameters specifying the state of partial polarization of the incident radiation is represented in explicit form. The effect of atomic alignment and the processes of dissipation of the light energy on the polarization specific features and the angular distribution of the scattered light is investigated. In particular, it is shown that, if a dissipative channel is accessible, the angular distribution and the degree of linear polarization of scattered light depend on the degree of circular polarization of the incident radiation η 2 . Dissipative processes also induce the circular polarization of the light scattered by aligned atoms when η 2 =0.
A compact expression is derived for the cross section of scattering of arbitrarily polarized light by oriented atomic systems, in which the dependence on the geometric parameters and on the Stokes parameters preassigning the state of partial polarization of incident radiation is explicitly separated. It is found that the cross section of any photoprocess accompanied by photon absorption (stimulated emission) contains the sum of the products of the circular and linear dichroisms of the process by the respective Stokes parameters. The effect of the atomic orientation and of the dissipation of light energy on the polarization singularities and angular distribution of scattered light is investigated. In particular, it is demonstrated that, in the case of an open dissipation channel, the angular distribution remains dependent on the atomic orientation even in the case of zero degree of circular polarization of scattered radiation.
An expression for the cross section of light scattering by axisymmetrically aligned atomic systems is derived in a compact form. The cross section under consideration is proportional to the state multipole of the fourth rank. The effect of the second-order alignment determined by the fourth-rank state multipole on the polarization and the angular distribution of scattered light is investigated. The polarization of incident light can be arbitrary and, in the general case, is specified by the Stokes parameters. In particular, it is demonstrated that the second-order alignment cannot induce circular polarization of scattered light and does not influence the dissipation-induced effects of circular dichroism associated with the first-order alignment but leads to a change in the angular distribution and the degree of linear polarization of the scattered light.
Explicit expressions for the angular distribution and frequency dependence of radiation scattered by a spatially degenerate atom undergoing collisions are derived using a previously developed formalism of the quantum theory of line broadening for an atom in its rest frame. Results valid in the impact regime for resonant scattering are presented for the cases of linear incident and scattered polarization circular incident and linear scattered polarization, and unpolarized incident radiation with no monitoring of the scattered polarization. These results relate to scattering involving a j - j + or - 1 - j atomic transition, with lower-state interactions neglected; the expressions obtained take a relatively simple form involving atomic multipolar relaxation rates of the order of k = 0 and k = 2. The angular distributions for each case are combined with the frequency dependences to yield a three-component frequency redistribution function for an s-p-s transition, the components being a coherent term, a frequency-redistributed term with the same angular dependence as the coherent term, and an isotropic frequency-redistributed term.
The problem of resonance between light and an atom is treated by solving the wave equation through the method of variation of constants. It is found that an initial degeneracy is removed by the action of the light, and that there occur fluctuations between the two states involved. Calculation of the electric moment of the perturbed atom on the Schr\"odinger density hypothesis shows that when the incident light is linearly polarized the radiation has the same degree of polarization as though the atom were in a weak magnetic field parallel to the electric vector of the light. In the case of circular polarization this fictious field is perpendicular to the plane of polarization. These results confirm the Heisenberg rule deduced from the correspondence principle.
A compact expression is derived for the part of the cross section for light scattering by axisymmetrically polarized atomic systems proportional to the third-rank state multipole. The effect of the second-order orientation determined by this state multipole on the polarization and angular distribution of the scattered light is studied. The polarization of the incident light can be arbitrary and is specified by the Stokes parameters. A number of orientation effects in the scattering process are shown to be induced precisely by the second-order orientation. In particular, when nonpolarized light is scattered by an oriented atom, the scattering intensity in the perpendicular direction depends on the second-order orientation alone. The second-order orientation also preserves circular dichroism in the linear polarization of the forward-and back-scattered light.