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Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

Application of the functional integral method to the classical and quantum spin models

R. Micnas

Published Oct 1, 1979• 21 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0378-4371(79)90146-8

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Abstract The Heisenberg spin chain is considered in ϕ 4 model approximation. Quantum corrections to classical solutions of the one-dimensional ϕ 4 model within the correspondent physics are evaluated with account of rest d-1 dimensions of a d-dimensional theory. A quantization of the model is considered in terms of spacetime functional integral. The generalized zeta-function formalism is used to renormalize and evaluate the functional integral and quantum corrections to energy in a quasiclassical approximation. The results are applied to appropriate conditions of the spin chain model and its dynamics, for which elementary solutions, energy and the quantum corrections are calculated.
We present a nonequilibrium quantum field theory approach to the initial-state dynamics of spin models based on two-particle irreducible (2PI) functional integral techniques. It employs a mapping of spins to Schwinger bosons for arbitrary spin interactions and spin lengths. At next-to-leading order (NLO) in an expansion in the number of field components, a wide range of nonperturbative dynamical phenomena are shown to be captured, including relaxation of magnetization in a 3D long-range interacting system with quenched disorder, different relaxation behavior on both sides of a quantum phase transition, and the crossover from relaxation to arrest of dynamics in a disordered spin chain previously shown to exhibit many-body localization. Where applicable, we employ alternative state-of-the-art techniques and find rather good agreement with our 2PI NLO results. As our method can handle large system sizes and converges relatively quickly to its thermodynamic limit, it opens the possibility to study these phenomena in higher dimensions in regimes in which no other efficient methods exist. Furthermore, the approach to classical dynamics can be investigated as the spin length is increased.
The authors show here that exact functional renormalization group flow (FRG) equations for quantum systems can be derived directly within an operator formalism without using functional integrals. This simple insight opens new possibilities for applying FRG methods to models for strongly correlated electrons with projected Hilbert spaces, such as quantum spin models, the ttt-JJJ model, or the Hubbard model at infinite on-site repulsion. By representing these models in terms of Hubbard X-operators, various applications of this approach are explored.