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Journal of Statistical Physics

Observable Correlations in Two-Qubit States

Shunlong Luo, Qiang Zhang

Published Jul 1, 2009• 41 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s10955-009-9779-0

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The two qubit (spin 1/2) singlet state has invariant perfect EPR correlations: if two observers measure {\em any} identical observables the results are always perfectly (anti-)correlated. We show that no such correlations exists in d⊗dd\otimes dd⊗d pure or mixed bipartite quantum states if d≥3d\geq3d≥3. This points that two qubit singlets are high-quality quantum information carriers in long distance transmission: their correlations are unaffected by identical random unitary transformations of both qubits. Pairs of entangled qudddits, d>2d>2d>2, do not have this property. Thus, qudddit properties should be rather exploited only in protocols in which transmission is not a long distance one.
Recently, it has been shown that there exist quantum states for which quantum correlations dominate over classical correlations. Inspired by this observation, we investigate the problem of quantum correlations dominance for two-qubit Bell diagonal states in the Ollivier--Zurek paradigm, using both entropic and geometric approach to quantification of classical and quantum correlations. In particular, we estimate numerically the amount of two-qubit Bell diagonal states for which quantum correlations dominate over classical correlations, and vice versa. Moreover, we show that in general these two approaches to quantification of correlations provide ambiguous results.
It is shown that the correlations between two qubits selected from a trio prepared in a W state violate the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality more than the correlations between two qubits in any quantum state. Such a violation beyond Cirel'son's bound is smaller than the one achieved by two qubits selected from a trio in a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state [A. Cabello, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 060403 (2002)]. However, it has the advantage that all local observers can know from their own measurements whether or not their qubits belong to the selected pair.