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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing

Strong secrecy and decoding performance analysis for robust broadcasting under channel uncertainty

Rafael F. Schaefer, Holger Boche

Published May 1, 2014• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The compound broadcast channel with confidential messages is studied, where the transmitter sends a common message to two receivers and, at the same time, a confidential message to one receiver which has to be kept secret from the other one. It is only known to the transmitter and receivers that the actual channel realization is fixed and from a pre-specified set of channels. The information theoretic criterion of strong secrecy is analyzed in detail and generalized in such a way that it completely captures the behavior and the abilities of the non-legitimate receiver. Its impact on the decoding performance of the non-legitimate receiver is characterized as well. In particular, it is shown that regardless of the computational capabilities and the applied decoding strategy of the non-legitimate receiver, his decoding error always tends to one. This gives a valuable signal processing implication of the generalized secrecy criterion and identifies desirable properties of an optimal code design.

DOI
10.1109/icassp.2014.6854347

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IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security•Oct 1, 2014•4 citations
The compound broadcast channel with confidential messages is studied, where the transmitter sends a common message to two receivers and, at the same time, a confidential message to one receiver which has to be kept secret from the other one. It is only known to the transmitter and receivers that the actual channel realization is fixed and from a pre-specified set of channels. The information theoretic criterion of strong secrecy is analyzed in detail and generalized in such a way that it completely captures the behavior and the abilities of the non-legitimate receiver. Its impact on the decoding performance of the non-legitimate receiver is characterized as well. In particular, it is shown that regardless of the computational capabilities and the applied decoding strategy of the non-legitimate receiver, his decoding error always tends to one. This gives a valuable signal processing implication of the generalized secrecy criterion and identifies desirable properties of an optimal code design.
The broadcast channel with confidential messages (BCC) consists of one transmitter and two receivers, where the transmitter sends a common message to both receivers and, at the same time, a confidential message to one receiver which has to be kept secret from the other one. In this paper, this communication scenario is studied for compound channels, where it is only known to the transmitter and receivers that the actual channel realization is fixed and from a prespecified set of channels. The information theoretic criterion of strong secrecy is analyzed in detail and its impact on the decoding performance of the non-legitimate receiver is characterized. In particular, it is shown that regardless of the computational capabilities and the applied decoding strategy of the non-legitimate receiver, his decoding error always tends to one. This gives a valuable signal processing implication of the strong secrecy criterion and identifies desirable properties of an optimal code design. Further, an achievable strong secrecy rate region is derived and a multiletter outer bound is given. Both together yield a multiletter expression of the strong secrecy capacity region of the compound BCC.
Secure communication under channel uncertainty is an important and challenging problem in physical-layer security and cryptography. In this dissertation, we take a \nfundamental information-theoretic view at three concrete settings and use them to shed insight into efficient secure communication techniques for different scenarios under channel uncertainty. \n \nFirst, a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) Gaussian broadcast channel with two receivers and two messages: a common message intended for both receivers (i.e., channel \nuncertainty for decoding the common message at the receivers) and a confidential message intended for one of the receivers but needing to be kept asymptotically perfectly secret from the other is considered. A matrix characterization of the secrecy capacity region is established via a channel-enhancement argument and an extremal entropy inequality previously established for characterizing the capacity region of a degraded compound MIMO Gaussian broadcast channel. \n \nSecond, a multilevel security wiretap channel where there is one possible realization for the legitimate receiver channel but multiple possible realizations for the eavesdropper channel (i.e., channel uncertainty at the eavesdropper) is considered. A coding scheme is designed such that the number of secure bits delivered to the legitimate receiver depends on the actual realization of the eavesdropper channel. More specifically, when the eavesdropper channel realization is weak, all bits delivered to the legitimate receiver need to be secure. In addition, when the eavesdropper channel realization is strong, a prescribed part of the bits needs to remain secure. We call such codes security embedding codes, referring to the fact that high-security bits are now embedded into the low-security ones. We show that the key to achieving efficient security embedding is to jointly encode the low-security and high-security bits. In particular, the low-security bits can be used as (part of) the transmitter randomness to protect the high-security ones. \n \nFinally, motivated by the recent interest in building secure, robust and efficient distributed information storage systems, the problem of secure symmetrical multilevel diversity coding (S-SMDC) is considered. This is a setting where there are channel uncertainties at both the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper. The problem of encoding individual sources is first studied. A precise characterization of the entire admissible rate region is established via a connection to the problem of secure coding over a three-layer wiretap network and utilizing some basic polyhedral structure of the admissible rate region. Building on this result, it is then shown that the simple coding strategy of separately encoding individual sources at the encoders can achieve the minimum sum rate for the general S-SMDC problem.
Recent information-theoretic results on a class of broadcast channels with layered decoding and/or layered secrecy are reviewed. In this class of models, a transmitter sends multiple messages to a set of legitimate receivers in the presence of a set of eavesdroppers, whose channels can be ordered based on the quality of received signals. Receivers with better channel quality are required to decode more messages, and eavesdroppers with worse channel quality are required to be kept ignorant of more messages. The design of achievable schemes and the characterization of the corresponding secrecy capacity regions are presented. Comparison of the designs for different models is discussed. Applications of these information-theoretic models to the study of secure communication over fading wiretap channels and secret sharing are also presented to illustrate potential applications of these models.
This paper establishes inner bounds on the secrecy capacity regions for the general 3-receiver broadcast channel with one common and one confidential message sets. We consider two setups. The first is when the confidential message is to be sent to two receivers and kept secret from the third receiver. Achievability is established using indirect decoding, Wyner wiretap channel coding, and the new idea of generating secrecy from a publicly available superposition codebook. The inner bound is shown to be tight for a class of reversely degraded broadcast channels and when both legitimate receivers are less noisy than the third receiver. The second setup investigated in this paper is when the confidential message is to be sent to one receiver and kept secret from the other two receivers. Achievability in this case follows from Wyner wiretap channel coding and indirect decoding. This inner bound is also shown to be tight for several special cases.
The problem of secure communication over a multiple access wiretap channel (MAWC) is studied. Here, two transmitters send confidential messages to a legitimate receiver while keeping a non-legitimate eavesdropper ignorant of them. In this paper, this communication scenario is studied for compound channels, for which it is only known to the users that the actual channel realization is fixed and belongs to a known set of possible channels. The criterion of strong secrecy is analyzed and its impact on the decoding performance of the eavesdropper is specified. It is shown that the average decoding error at the eavesdropper approaches one exponentially fast regardless of the applied decoding strategy. Furthermore, an achievable strong secrecy rate region is presented and a multi-letter outer bound is derived. Both together establish a multi-letter description of the strong secrecy capacity region.