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Optics Communications

Coupled-mode theory of optical bistability in a locally nonlinear waveguide

Marc Haelterman, Guy Vitrant, R. Reinisch

Published Mar 1, 1992• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0030-4018(92)90511-o

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A unified nonlinear modal theory that is valid not only for waveguide couplers but also for nonlinear Fabry–Perot resonators has recently been proposed. The validity of this new approach is numerically demonstrated by comparison with the well-known bidimensional theory. The unified modal theory appears to be a powerful tool for studying transverse effects in a broad class of nonlinear resonators. It has been used to derive the main characteristics of the stationary behavior of the optical resonators in the case of a local nonlinearity. In particular, the disappearance of optical bistability when the resonator is tilted is predicted. Optical bistability at nearly normal incidence is interpreted by the coupling between two resonantly excited counterpropagating modes that are at the origin of the required transverse feedback.
Abstract The optical bistability caused by the coupling between modes of the parallel-plate waveguide and a nonlinear hemicylindrical crystal is studied using theoretical and numerical analysis. In such a system a waveguide channel is parallelly coupled to whispering gallery modes (WGMs) of a hemicylindrical microresonator ensuring bistable behaviour at input intensities of the order of a few MW cm−2. The characteristic minimum switching time of the system (around 30 ps) can be controlled by varying the thickness of the metal layer which couples the waveguide and WGMs. This is conditioned by the change of the quality Q-factor, as well as the coupling coefficient of the resonator. The main advantages of the system are fabrication simplicity, small sizes of the order of 3 µm, integrability with other optical components and the possibility of adjusting the processes by making use of the electro-optical effect.