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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Single-photon sources with optical fibre integration

Xiulai Xu, Ian Toft, Jonathan D. Mar, Kiyotaka Hammura, R. T. Phillips, David A Williams

Published Apr 1, 2007• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We report a 'plug and play' single-photon source based on single quantum dots with an integrated optical fibre output. We attach an optical fibre to the sample surface in order to measure single-dot photoluminescence, which avoids the light coupling between quantum dots and free space. The excitation light (a HeNe Laser) is coupled into the optical fibre to excite the quantum dots, and the emitted photoluminescence is collected with same optical fibre. To verify the emission of single photons, correlation measurements of the luminescence were performed using a Hanbury Brown and Twiss setup with a 50/50 beamsplitter and two single-photoncounting avalanche photodiodes. Clear antibunching with the second-order correlation function at zero time delay less than 0.1 indicates single-photon emission. The devices are stable, and reproducible for an arbitrarily long time, which is very promising for real implementations of quantum key distribution and linear optical quantum computation.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/61/1/251

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We report a 'plug and play' single-photon source based on single quantum dots with an integrated optical fibre output. We attach an optical fibre to the sample surface in order to measure single-dot photoluminescence, which avoids the light coupling between quantum dots and free space. The excitation light (a HeNe Laser) is coupled into the optical fibre to excite the quantum dots, and the emitted photoluminescence is collected with same optical fibre. To verify the emission of single photons, correlation measurements of the luminescence were performed using a Hanbury Brown and Twiss setup with a 50/50 beamsplitter and two single-photoncounting avalanche photodiodes. Clear antibunching with the second-order correlation function at zero time delay less than 0.1 indicates single-photon emission. The devices are stable, and reproducible for an arbitrarily long time, which is very promising for real implementations of quantum key distribution and linear optical quantum computation.
The authors report a “plug and play” source of single photons, with full integration to a single-mode optical fiber. One end of the fiber is attached to the top of an InGaAs∕GaAs quantum dot wafer. The other end is connected via a wavelength-division multiplexing system to two separate fibers: one for carrying excitation light and the other for emitted light. A Hanbury-Brown and Twiss [Nature (London) 77, 27 (1956)] measurement was performed on the emission from single excitons recombining in the quantum dots. A second-order correlation function at zero time delay of approximately 0.01 indicates a nearly ideal source of single photons. The maximum variation of peak position over 24days is less than 0.1nm.
Abstract In this work, we present a stand-alone and fiber-coupled quantum-light source. The plug-and-play device is based on an optically driven quantum dot delivering single photons via an optical fiber. The quantum dot is deterministically integrated in a monolithic microlens which is precisely coupled to the core of an optical fiber via active optical alignment and epoxide adhesive bonding. The rigidly coupled fiber-emitter assembly is integrated in a compact Stirling cryocooler with a base temperature of 35 K. We benchmark our practical quantum device via photon auto-correlation measurements revealing g(2)(0) = 0.07 ± 0.05 under continuous-wave excitation and we demonstrate triggered non-classical light at a repetition rate of 80 MHz. The long-term stability of our quantum light source is evaluated by endurance tests showing that the fiber-coupled quantum dot emission is stable within 4% over several successive cool-down/warm-up cycles. Additionally, we demonstrate non-classical photon emission for a user-intervention-free 100-hour test run and stable single-photon count rates up to 11.7 kHz with a standard deviation of 4%.
The creation of a quantum photonic integrated circuit, bringing together quantum light sources; detectors; and elements for routing and modulating the photons; is a fundamental step towards a compact and self-contained quantum information processor. Here we report on the realisation of a new hybrid integration platform for InAs Quantum Dot-based quantum light sources and waveguide-based photonic circuits. In this scheme, GaAs devices containing embedded quantum dots are bonded to a silicon oxynitride waveguide circuit such that the quantum dot emission is coupled to the waveguide mode. The output from the waveguide element is coupled into optical fibre (also bonded to the waveguide chip) and the whole assembly is cooled to cryogenic temperatures. Integrated tuneable Mach-Zehnder interferometers permit on-chip photon routing to be achieved and allow the device to act as a path-encoded qubit preparation device. By utilising one such interferometer as a reconfigurable beam splitter, the single photon nature of the emission was confirmed by a Hanbury Brown and Twiss measurement on chip.
The controlled emission and absorption of single photons is an important enabling technology in the fields of quantum communication, cryptography and computing. We have realised a novel single photon source, based on a miniature ‘endcap’ ion trap with integrated optical fibres. To minimise distortion of the trapping field the fibres are tightly integrated and recessed within the two hollow cylindrical rf electrodes of the trap. This allows us to bring the fibres to within approximately 300 µm of the trapped ion. With the fibres in place we are able to collect the ion’s fluorescence using no further optics. In this thesis the ion trap is fully characterised, and the quantum nature of the light demonstrated in the results of a variant on the Hanbury Brown-Twiss photon-correlation experiment. The scheme will ultimately be extended to implement a coherent ion-photon interface through strong coupling cavity-QED. Towards this end, an ultra-high-finesse cavity has been designed and fabricated by laser-machining and coating surfaces with a range of radii of curvature on the end facets of the fibres. To improve the stability and precision manipulation of the cavity in-vacuum, an entirely new trap has been designed and built. Finally, the current status of the fibre cavity and the outlook for the experiment are presented.
We report a “plug and play” single photon source, fully integrated with an optical fiber, emitting at 1.3μm. Micropillars were patterned on a single layer InAs quantum dot wafer to guarantee a single pillar per fiber core. The single exciton peak filtered with a tunable optical filter was fed to a Hanbury Brown and Twiss interferometer, and the second order correlation function at zero delay was less than 0.5, indicating single photon emission. The measured decay dynamics under double-pulse excitation show that the single photon device can be operated at speeds greater than 0.5GHz.
Fundamental to integrated photonic quantum computing is an on-chip method for routing and modulating quantum light emission. We demonstrate a hybrid integration platform consisting of arbitrarily designed waveguide circuits and single-photon sources. InAs quantum dots (QD) embedded in GaAs are bonded to a SiON waveguide chip such that the QD emission is coupled to the waveguide mode. The waveguides are SiON core embedded in a SiO2 cladding. A tuneable Mach Zehnder interferometer (MZI) modulates the emission between two output ports and can act as a path-encoded qubit preparation device. The single-photon nature of the emission was verified using the on-chip MZI as a beamsplitter in a Hanbury Brown and Twiss measurement.