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The European Physical Journal D

Radiation pressure force on cold rubidium atoms due to excitation to a non-cooling hyperfine level

Gordana Kregar, Neven Šantić, Damir Aumiler, Ticijana Ban

Published Dec 1, 2014• 2 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1140/epjd/e2014-50312-3

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The parameters of a dark magnetooptical trap for rubidium atoms are measured. The rubidium atoms captured and cooled in the trap occupy a hyperfine level of the ground electronic state, which does not interact with cooling laser radiation. The pulsed filling of the trap is produced due to desorption of rubidium caused by irradiation by a short (1 ms) light pulse. The trap captures and cools 2.5 × 10 8 rubidium atoms approximately for 0.2 s. The absorption spectra of a weak probe field by cold atoms are obtained, which demonstrate a good spectral resolution of the hyperfine structure in the excited state. This structure is completely hidden by the Doppler broadening in rubidium vapours at room temperature.
The radiation force acting on a two-level atom in an axisymmetric field of two counterpropagating light beams and a centrosymmetric field of six light beams propagating in the directions +/-x, +/-y, and +/-z has been considered. It is shown that, for radiative cooling of atoms by the light pressure force, the gradient force creates a potential well, the depth of which does not exceed the energy linewidth of resonant atomic transition. It is concluded that stable confinement of cold atoms in symmetrical light fields is impossible.
We extract a cold rubidium 85 atomic beam from a magneto-optical trap using the technique based on the pulsed Zeeman-imbalanced radiation pressure. We observe the separation of an atomic beam on a velocity scale associated with the two-photon sub-Doppler resonances in the radiation pressure force, and show that experimental observations are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. We find that under optimal conditions an atomic beam extracted by a homogeneous magnetic field has a longitudinal temperature in a region of $12--30 \ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K},$ which is an order of magnitude lower than the temperatures obtained so far with the magnetic scheme.