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Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Dressed Population Trapping for a Two-Level Atom in a Squeezed Vacuum

Jean-Michel Courty, Serge Reynaud

Published Oct 1, 1989• 56 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study resonance fluorescence of a two-level atom driven by an intense pump field and coupled to a squeezed reservoir. We show that the population is trapped in one of the two dressed states when some condition is fulfilled. This condition has a purely geometrical interpretation in the spin-1/2 representation. As a consequence of the dressed population trapping, one sideband of the fluorescence triplet disappears. This feature could be used for detecting a squeezed field through its interaction with a two-level atom.

DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/10/3/009

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Physical Review A•Jan 1, 1998•6 citations
We study resonance fluorescence of a two-level atom driven by an intense pump field and coupled to a squeezed reservoir. We show that the population is trapped in one of the two dressed states when some condition is fulfilled. This condition has a purely geometrical interpretation in the spin-1/2 representation. As a consequence of the dressed population trapping, one sideband of the fluorescence triplet disappears. This feature could be used for detecting a squeezed field through its interaction with a two-level atom.
The authors calculate the resonance fluorescence spectrum of a two-level atom interacting with a resonant classical applied field and a squeezed vacuum for general values of the squeezing phase. They find that the spectra are asymmetric under the following conditions: (i) the Rabi frequency must not be too large and (ii) the squeezing phase should be of athe order pi /2. Large asymmetries are obtainable, even if the three peaks of the spectrum are clearly resolved. An interpretation is provided by means of a dressed state analysis. Under conditions (i) and (ii), they also find that very large differences in the dressed state populations can occur.
The fluorescence field from one of the two allowed transitions in a three-level atom can sense squeezed fluctuations of a vacuum field coupled to the other transition. We examine the fluorescence spectra of strongly driven three-level atoms in \ensuremath{\Lambda}, V, and cascade configurations in which one of the two one-photon transitions is coupled to a finite-bandwidth squeezed vacuum field, when the bandwidth is much smaller than the difference in the atomic transition frequencies, though much larger than atomic decay rates and Rabi frequencies of the driving fields. The driving fields are on one-photon resonance, and the squeezed vacuum field is generated by a degenerate parameter oscillator. Details are only given for the \ensuremath{\Lambda} configuration. The extension to the V and cascade configurations is straightforward. We find that in all configurations the fluorescence spectra of the transition not coupled to the squeezed vacuum field are composed of five lines, one central and two pairs of sidebands, with intensities and widths strongly influenced by the squeezed vacuum field. However, only the central component and the outer sidebands exhibit a dependence on the squeezing phase. We also examine the fluorescence spectrum for the cascade configuration with a squeezed vacuum field on resonance with the two-photon transition between the ground and the most excited states and now generated by a nondegenerate parametric oscillator. In this case, where the squeezed vacuum field can be made coupled to both transitions, all spectral lines depend on the squeezing phase. The spectral features are explained in terms of the dressed-atom model of the system. We show that the coherent mixing of the atomic states by the strong driving fields modifies transition rates between the dressed states, which results in the selective phase dependence of the spectral features. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
We discuss the conditions which give rise to anomalous features in the resonance fluorescence of a two-level atom interacting with a resonant classical field and a squeezed vacuum. A simple expression is obtained, which is shown to coincide closely with the conditions for amplification of a probe beam and with the collapse of the atomic system into a pure state. We thereby illustrate striking observable consequences of the evolution of a driven system into a pure state. This situation also provides a method for preparing an atom in a pure state whose nature depends on the squeezing phase and Rabi frequency. The conditions for hole burning are obtained analytically, and the sensitivity of these effects to the two-photon correlations produced by the squeezed vacuum is demonstrated.
The authors present analytical and numerical results for resonance fluorescence produced by a two-level atom damped by a broad-band squeezed vacuum. Previous theoretical analyses of this model have assumed that the laser frequency and the carrier frequency of the squeezed vacuum are equal. The authors introduce a non-zero detuning between the laser frequency and the carrier frequency while maintaining resonance between the laser frequency and atomic resonance. In the absence of the driving field there is a squeezing threshold: above threshold the decay rate of the atomic polarization can be reduced, and below threshold a squeezing-induced two peak spectrum and frequency shift, which is analogous to the Bloch-Siegert shift, are predicted. In the presence of the driving field, the spectrum is asymmetric for Rabi frequencies smaller or comparable to the detuning of the squeezed vacuum. A symmetric spectrum is obtained for large Rabi frequencies. An interpretation is predicted by means of a dressed-state analysis. The authors find that for not too large Rabi frequencies a remarkably large population inversion can be induced in the dressed states, even at exact resonance of the driving field, provided that the laser frequency and carrier frequency are detuned. Moreover, for detection times larger than the inverse detuning, the spectrum is insensitive to the phase between the driving field and the squeezed vacuum, in marked contrast to the case of no detuning.
It has been suggested that phased atomic decay in a squeezed vacuum could be detected in the fluorescence spectrum emitted from a driven two-level atom in a cavity. Recently, the existence of other very distinctive features in the fluorescence spectra arising from the nonclassical features of the squeezed vacuum has been reported. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of experimental observation of these spectra. The main obstacle to the experimentalist is ensuring an effective squeezed-vacuum-atom coupling. To overcome this problem we propose the use of a Fabry-P\'erot microcavity. The analysis involves a consideration of the three-dimensional nature of the electromagnetic field, and the possibility of a mismatch between the squeezed and cavity modes. The problem of squeezing bandwidths is also addressed. We show that under experimentally realistic circumstances many of the spectral anomalies predicted in free space also occur in this environment. In addition, we report large population inversions in the dressed states of the two-level atom.