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Physical Review A

Optical bistability in lasers induced by active molecules with a large permanent dipole moment

Óscar G. Calderón, Sonia Melle, Isabel Gonzalo

Published Jan 15, 2002• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study a single-mode laser system, whose active medium consists of molecules with a large difference between excited and ground electrical permanent-dipole moments. In this case, the Maxwell-Bloch equations are further coupled by nonlinear terms involving the ratio between this difference between the dipoles and the transition dipole moment. It is found that these new terms lead to multiple stationary solutions. From the linear stability analysis, we demonstrate the bistable (or multistable) character of the lasing solutions.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.65.023811

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We study a single-mode laser system, whose active medium consists of molecules with a large difference between excited and ground electrical permanent-dipole moments. In this case, the Maxwell-Bloch equations are further coupled by nonlinear terms involving the ratio between this difference between the dipoles and the transition dipole moment. It is found that these new terms lead to multiple stationary solutions. From the linear stability analysis, we demonstrate the bistable (or multistable) character of the lasing solutions.
The effect of permanent dipole moments on the optical bistability of weak probe light in a unidirectional ring cavity with a three-level molecule is investigated. It is found that the intensity threshold of optical bistability and optical multistability can be controlled by quantum coherence induced by permanent dipole moments. It is shown that switching from optical bistability to optical multistability and lasing without population inversion can be occurred by this coherence under different conditions.
We describe a semiclassical theoretical model on two-photon optical bistability in a nonlinear Fabry-Perot cavity filled with molecules having large permanent dipole moments under the plane wave and mean field approximations. The mathematical analysis follows with the assumption of a two-level system with large permanent dipoles. In the steady state situation, field equation is shown to provide the bistable behavior of the nonlinear cavity when resonant with two-photon excitation under certain conditions. It is shown that for a large difference in permanent dipole moment\mu_{0} = (\mu_{aa}-\mu_{bb})/2between levels|a\rangleand|b\rangle, (\mu_{0}^{2}/|\mu_{ba}|^{2}\gg1, where μbais the transition dipole moment), the two-photon optical bistability can result in a submicron size Fabry-Perot cavity.
A semiclassical theoretical model is described under the plane-wave and mean-field approximations on the transmission characteristics of a system of two-level atoms with large permanent dipole moments contained in a Fabry-Perot cavity and driven by two coherent two-photon resonant fields. In the steady-state situation, the coupled field equations are solved by eliminating one of the field variables to obtain the state equation. This state equation is numerically analyzed in detail, thus providing the regions on two-dimensional maps corresponding to one, three, and five stationary states of the system. The linear stability analysis is also carried out for the case when the length of the cavity is such that the medium-relaxation times are much shorter than the cavity-photon life times for both the waves. The simple stability criterion that the negative-slope regions of the transmission curves are unstable holds, but only the lowest positive-slope branches show stability in all of the cases we tested numerically.
We propose and report the first experimental demonstration of a new type of active optical bistable device composed of an optical cavity and a lasing medium with a pumping source of either optical or nonopticai means. The basic principle underlying the operation of the optical bistable laser (OBL) is based on the stable-unstable cavity configuration transition of an active optical resonator. Generally speaking, a laser system showing both pump- and laser-induced tensing (focusing or defocusing) effects may display such a hysteresis loop in its input-output characteristics. Optical bistability (OB) based on self-focusing of light in a medium having a nonlinear refractive index has recently been shown experimentally.1
Single-beam two-photon optical bistability in a two-level system where the levels have unequal electric dipole moments is analyzed theoretically. By means of unitary transformations the system is transformed into a two-level nonpolar system with a field-dependent effective transition dipole moment. Two-photon optical bistability is found to be favored as the difference between the dipole moments grows. When the excited electronic system is coupled to a vibrational normal mode of the nuclei, the susceptibility becomes three-valued and consequently a different type of optical bistability appears, which can coexists with the previous one.>