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Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

Introduction of a Boltzmann observable and Boltzmann equation

L. Lanz, O. Melsheimer, Erhard Wacker

Published Jul 1, 1985• 10 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0378-4371(85)90129-3

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Through the H theorem, Bolzmann attempted to validate the foundations of statistical mechanics. However, it is incompatible with the fundamental laws of mechanics because its deduction requires the introduction of probability. In this paper we attempt a justification of statistical mechanics without deviating from the existing framework of quantum mechanics. We point out that the principle of equal a priori probabilities is easily proven in the dual space. The dual of the space of the quantum states is the space of the observations. We then prove that time evolution of the operators of observations obeys Boltzmann equation. This result implies that the difference of the states from equal probability becomes unobservable as time elapses.
We introduce the stochastic Boltzmann equation (SBE) as an approach for exploring the spin dynamics of magnetic molecules coupled to a stochastic environment. The SBE is a time-evolution equation for the probability density of the spin density matrix of the system. This probability density is relevant to experiments which take measurements on single molecules, in which probabilities of observing particular spin states (rather than ensemble averages) are of interest. By analogy with standard treatments of the regular Boltzmann equation, we propose a relaxation-time approximation for the SBE and show that solutions to the SBE under the relaxation-time approximation can be obtained by performing simple trajectory simulations for the case of a boson gas environment. Cases where the relaxation-time approximation are satisfied can therefore be investigated by careful choice of the parameters for the boson gas environment, even if the actual environment is quite different from a boson gas. The application of the SBE approach is demonstrated through an illustrative example.