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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Transmission spectrum of an optical cavity containing N atoms

Sabrina R. Leslie, Dan Stamper-Kurn, Neil Shenvi, Kenneth R. Brown, K. Birgitta Whaley

Published Jan 1, 2004• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The transmission spectrum of a high-finesse optical cavity containing an arbitrary number of trapped atoms is presented. These results have important ramifications in limiting our ability to determine the number of atoms in the cavity.
DOI
10.1364/iqec.2004.itui23

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The transmission spectrum of a high-finesse optical cavity containing an arbitrary number of trapped atoms is presented in the zero-temperature, low saturation limit. We take spatial and motional effects into account and show that in the limit of strong coupling, the important spectral features can be determined for an arbitrary number of atoms, NNN. We also show that these results have important ramifications in limiting our ability to determine the number of atoms in the cavity.
The transmission spectrum for one atom strongly coupled to the field of a high finesse optical resonator is observed to exhibit a clearly resolved vacuum Rabi splitting characteristic of the normal modes in the eigenvalue spectrum of the atom-cavity system. A new Raman scheme for cooling atomic motion along the cavity axis enables a complete spectrum to be recorded for an individual atom trapped within the cavity mode, in contrast to all previous measurements in cavity QED that have required averaging over 10(3)-10(5) atoms.
The number of atoms trapped within the mode of an optical cavity is determined in real time by monitoring the transmission of a weak probe beam. Continuous observation of atom number is accomplished in the strong coupling regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics and functions in concert with a cooling scheme for radial atomic motion. The probe transmission exhibits sudden steps from one plateau to the next in response to the time evolution of the intracavity atom number, from N>or=3 to N=2-->1-->0 atoms, with some trapping events lasting over 1 s.