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Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Exactly Solvable IRF Models. V. A Further New Hierarchy

Atsuo Kuniba, Yasuhiro Akutsu, Miki Wadati

Published Aug 15, 1986• 16 citations
Publisher

Abstract

It is shown that a k -state IRF model (σ=0, 1, ···, k -1), with a condition k -2≦σ i +σ j ≦ k on adjacent spins σ i and σ j , is exactly solvable for all k ( k ≧3). This proves the existence of a new hierarchy of solvable IRF models. It is also shown that the k -state IRF model is equivalent to a 3 k -state solid on solid (SOS) model. Considering all the known results, it is predicted that for an arbitrary set of integers L and f ( L ≦0, f ≦1) there exists a solvable IRF model with the hard core condition L ≧σ i +σ j ≦ L + f .

DOI
10.1143/jpsj.55.2605

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It is shown that a k -state IRF model (σ=0, 1, ···, k -1), with a condition k -2≦σ i +σ j ≦ k on adjacent spins σ i and σ j , is exactly solvable for all k ( k ≧3). This proves the existence of a new hierarchy of solvable IRF models. It is also shown that the k -state IRF model is equivalent to a 3 k -state solid on solid (SOS) model. Considering all the known results, it is predicted that for an arbitrary set of integers L and f ( L ≦0, f ≦1) there exists a solvable IRF model with the hard core condition L ≧σ i +σ j ≦ L + f .
Multi-state generalization, which is applicable to arbitrary IRF model, is presented. The generalization is made in such a way that each spin is replaced by an S N -symmetric multiplet. If the original IRF model is exactly solvable satisfying the star-triangle equation, so is the generalized one. A simple symmetry-breaking procedure is also presented. In the special case N =2, another kind of generalization is proposed and an exactly solvable 4-state model with S 2 -symmetry between the highest spins is newly constructed.
For any k -state model among the Gordon-Generalization (GG) hierarchy (J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 55 (1986) 1092 and 2166), a systematic procedure to obtain the parametrized Boltzmann weights is presented. An exact expression for the free energy of the general k -state model in the GG hierarchy is explicitly given. The procedure is successfully applied to determine the parametrization for the 5-state model in the GG hierarchy. It is concluded that each k -state model in the GG hierarchy is exactly solvable.
The new class of exactly solvable models of one-dimensional spin chains is found. Interactions of spins with crystalline electric fields (CEF) and spin-spin coupling between neighboring sites are taken into account for those models. Spin-spin coupling includes higher-order spin operators (the Stevens operators) and describes the interaction between z th components of the spins. We show that essential parts of the Hamiltonians of these models can be written in terms of exactly solvable transverse field Ising model (TFIM), in which certain combinations of the parameters of spin-spin interactions play the role of the TFIM exchange constant, and components of the CEFs play the role of external transverse magnetic field of the TFIM. The obtained results are valid for any values of spin (or total moments for rare-earth ions) and for the wide class of CEFs. The requirement for the exact solvability is that the space of single spin states should be split by the CEF into the subspaces with dimensions ≤ 2 (i.e., the only singlets and doublets are allowed). Cases of integer and half-integer spins are considered. For finite-size chains with integer spins and open ends we show numerically that energy spectra always contain the states whose energies do not depend on the CEF (the magnetic field for the TFIM). The energies (per spin) of these states decay as L − 1 , where L is the chain length. This behavior qualitatively distinguishes these states from known Majorana edge states and strong zero modes, where the energy decreases exponentially in L .