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International Crimean Conference Microwave and Telecommunication Technology

Infrared and terahertz detectors on basis of superconducting nanostructures

Смирнов Константин Владимирович, Yu. B. Vakhtomin, Alexander V. Divochiy, Roman V. Ozhegov, Ivan V. Pentin, Gregory N Gol'tsman

Published Sep 1, 2010• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Results of development of single-photon receiving systems of visible, infrared and terahertz range based on thin-film superconducting nanostructures are presented. The receiving systems are produced on the basis of superconducting nanostructures, which function by means of hot-electron phenomena.
DOI
10.1109/crmico.2010.5632997

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Superconducting detectors become the most prominent technology for radiation sensors with ultimate performance. Typically, they are nanostructures formed from an ultra-thin superconducting film incorporated into an external antenna for efficient radiation coupling. The operation of so-called hot-electron bolometers and photodetectors (HEBs and HEPs) is based on nonequilibrium heating of the electron subsystem by the absorbed radiation and results in the film resistance and a corresponding, easily measurable voltage response when device is current biased [1-2]. A relatively simple, single-layer manufacturing technology made these devices very popular for needs of radioastronomy and remote sensing.
We have developed the deposition technology of WSi thin films 4 to 9 nm thick with high temperature values of superconducting transition (T c ~4 K). Based on deposed films there were produced nanostructures with indicative planar sizes ~100 nm, and the research revealed that even on nanoscale the films possess of high critical temperature values of the superconducting transition (T c ~3.3-3.7 K) which certifies high quality and homogeneity of the films created. The first experiments on creating superconducting single-photon detectors showed that the detectors' SDE (system detection efficiency) with increasing bias current (I b ) reaches a constant value of ~30% (for X=1.55 micron) defined by infrared radiation absorption by the superconducting structure. To enhance radiation absorption by the superconductor there were created detectors with cavity structures which demonstrated a practically constant value of quantum efficiency >65% for bias currents I b >0.6-I c . The minimal dark counts level (DC) made 1 s -1 limited with background noise. Hence WSi is the most promising material for creating single-photon detectors with record SDE/DC ratio and noise equivalent power (NEP).