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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Optical Frequency Transfer via 920 km Fiber Link with 10−19 Relative Accuracy

Stefan Droste, Katharina Predehl, Jānis Alnis, Theodor W. Hänsch, Thomas Udem, Ronald Holzwarth, S. M. F. Raupach, Osama Terra, Thomas Legero, H. Schnatz, Gesine Grosche

Published Jan 1, 2012• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Optical frequency transfer via a 920 km fiber link has been investigated. Active noise compensation enables the transfer of a stable optical frequency with a stability of 3.8 × 10−14 at 1 s reaching 4 × 10−18 after 104 s and an accuracy of 3.6 × 10−19.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_si.2012.cth4a.1

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We demonstrate the long-distance transmission of an ultrastable optical frequency derived directly from a state-of-the-art optical frequency standard. Using an active stabilization system we deliver the frequency via a 146-km-long underground fiber link with a fractional instability of 3 x 10(-15) at 1 s, which is close to the theoretical limit for our transfer experiment. After 30,000 s, the relative uncertainty for the transfer is at the level of 1 x 10(-19). Tests with a very short fiber show that noise in our stabilization system contributes fluctuations that are 2 orders of magnitude lower, namely, 3 x 10(-17) at 1 s, reaching 10(-20) after 4,000 s.
SummaryPrecise and stable coherent optical frequency transfer over long-haul fiber link is required by diverse scientific applications, such as large-scale optical clock networks, global positioning and timing, very-long baseline interferometry, and high-sensitivity tests of fundamental physics. To meet the needs of the above applications, active compensation schemes for cancelling fiber-induced phase noise has developed considerably over the past ten years. However, optical signal severely reduces across distant fiber-optic networks, which degrades optical beat signal and feedback control.Here, we adopt active phase compensation and bidirectional optical frequency locking to achieve ultra-stable optical carrier transfer. The phase noise of the fiber link is effectively suppressed, meanwhile, the ultra-stable optical frequency signal is regenerated accurately at the remote site.Preliminary experiment over 100 km fiber link indicates that the additional frequency stability exhibits 1.9×10-16and 2.5×10-17at an averaging time of 1 s and 100 s, respectively. This approach has a capacity of extending to the parallel transfer of microwave and optical frequency, and free-space optical frequency transfer.
We demonstrated the optical frequency transfer over a 96 km urban business network in Shanghai. The key factors affecting the optical frequency transmission system, such as fiber link quality, feedback compensation strength, and out-of-loop fiber temperature variation, are studied for the urban fiber link characteristics. The effective suppression technique of complex urban fiber link noise with different feedback compensation parameters is studied. With active phase noise suppression, the optical frequency stability can reach 1.9 × 10 − 16 at 1 s and 2.2 × 10 − 18 at 10,000 s over a 96 km urban fiber link. This work potentially plays an important role in optical clock frequency comparison, and it makes a good foundation for future research on long-distance optical frequency transfer over an urban business network.