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Physical Review A

Quantum statistics of nonclassical radiation in dissipative forward four-wave mixing. II. Coupled third-order nonlinear dissipative oscillators

V. Peinová, M. Kárská

Published Apr 1, 1989• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The statistical properties of nonlinear oscillators modeling dissipative forward four-wave mixing are investigated, adopting the Fokker-Planck equation approach. The photon statistics are shown to be insensitive to the nonlinearities and are formulated in terms of the superposition of coherent and chaotic fields. The only approximation in describing the squeezing properties consists in the way of including thermal noise. The effect of the initial coherent amplitudes, that of the interplay of the coupling constants, and that of the reservoir on the squeezing properties are studied. An interesting connection between the revivals of coherent amplitudes and squeezing is pointed out.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.39.4056

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The statistical properties of nonlinear oscillators modeling dissipative forward four-wave mixing are investigated, adopting the Fokker-Planck equation approach. The photon statistics are shown to be insensitive to the nonlinearities and are formulated in terms of the superposition of coherent and chaotic fields. The only approximation in describing the squeezing properties consists in the way of including thermal noise. The effect of the initial coherent amplitudes, that of the interplay of the coupling constants, and that of the reservoir on the squeezing properties are studied. An interesting connection between the revivals of coherent amplitudes and squeezing is pointed out.
The Fokker-Planck equation approach to forward four-wave mixing developing from the initial coherent states is adopted to obtain a set of recursive relations for the expectation values of the normally ordered field operators. This set of equations is closed, in accordance with the model of the generalized superposition of coherent and chaotic fields, to provide differential equations for unknown quantities in this model. A numerical solution of these equations enables one to determine the photon number distribution, its factorial moments, squeezing variances, and entropy of radiation under discussion. Fully quantum-mechanical features of radiation such as its sub-Poisson behavior and squeezing of vacuum fluctuations are preserved in this approach. The validity of this approximation is discussed and numerical results are provided.
The statistical properties of radiation passing through a nonlinear medium modelled as a third-order nonlinear dissipative oscillator interacting with squeezed light have been investigated. Whereas the photon statistics, being insensitive to the nonlinearity, are determined exactly, an approximative approach has been adopted in the description of squeezing in order to involve fluctuations. As a consequence of the general treatment, new results for a damped linear oscillator with initial squeezed light are provided.
Quantum statistical properties of interacting optical fields in Kerr nonlinear couplers may be regarded as one of the most fundamental problems yet to be solved in quantum optics. As an analytical solution to this system is not always possible, a semi-analytic or direct numerical solution must be employed in order to obtain a more complete description of their evolution. This study investigates the quantum properties of four-mode couplers composed of two and four Kerr nonlinear waveguides, both with and without cavity set up via phase space representation. In these systems, the electromagnetic fields are described by their Hamiltonians, while the time-evolution of the systems are described by the Von-Neumann equation. Following standard techniques, the master equations for the density matrices of the systems are obtained and further converted to the corresponding classical Fokker- Planck equations using both positive P and Wigner representations. The corresponding set of Langevin Stochastic equations is then obtained from the Fokker-Planck equations by means of Ito rules. Finally, the systems are integrated numerically and averaged over many trajectories to get the relevant information. The effects of self-action nonlinearity, cross-action coupling and the initial energy of the coherent light on the evolution of the field quadrature variances are investigated. Furthermore, the influences of multimode interaction on the dynamics of the squeezed states are discussed. In this research, we show that the system may produce squeezed states in both quadrature variances for all calculated parameters. The multimode two channel model can provide better squeezing in contrast to the conventional device. The amplitude oscillation of maximal squeezing may be amplified by manipulation of the initial state of the coherent light in the first mode, and the range may be extended through multimode interaction. When the model is contained in a cavity, the system is able to generate better amplitude oscillations and squeezing range with leaf-revival-collapse-like behaviour; with the whole oscillation able to evolute below the standard quantum limit Regular photon transition and self trapping effects of the interacting modes in the four channels model are simulated, and squeezing is predicted for various initial intensities of the coherent field and nonlinear coupling parameter g. The cavity setup caused the system to undergo fluctuation amplification and the potential for different types of squeezing to be generated is observed. Depending on how we choose the interaction parameter values, the system may generate better squeezing in comparison to the cavity-less model.
Quantum statistical properties of interacting optical fields in Kerr nonlinear coupler can be regarded as one of the most fundamental problems in quantum optics. As the analytical solution to these systems is not always possible, a semi-analytic or direct numerical solution has to be employed to obtain more complete description of their evolution. This paper investigates the quantum properties of a four-mode coupler composed of two Kerr nonlinear waveguides via phase-space representation. In this system, the electromagnetic field is described by its Hamiltonian and the time evolution of the system is described by Von-Neumann equation. Following the standard techniques, the master equation for the density matrix of the system is obtained and converted to the corresponding classical Fokker-Planck equation using both positive-P and Wigner representations. The corresponding set of Langevin Stochastic equations are then obtained from the Fokker-Planck equation using Ito rules. Finally, the system is integrated numerically and averaged over many trajectories to get the relevant information. The dynamics of the mean fields, the effects of self-action nonlinearity, cross-action coupling and initial energy of the coherent light on the evolution of the field quadrature variances are investigated. Further, the influences of multimode interaction on the dynamics of the squeezed states are discussed. We show that the system can produce squeezed states in both quadrature variances for all calculated parameters. In addition, the multimode interaction extends the range of squeezing at the expense of its amplitude.
Evolutions of quantum noise, characterized by quadrature squeezing parameter and Fano factor, and of mixedness, quantified by quantum von Neumann and linear entropies, of a pumped dissipative non-linear oscillator are studied. The model can describe a signal mode interacting with a thermal reservoir in a parametrically pumped cavity with a Kerr non-linearity. It is discussed that the initial pure states, including coherent states, Fock states, and finite superpositions of coherent states evolve into the same steady mixed state as verified by the quantum relative entropy and the Bures metric. It is shown analytically and verified numerically that the steady state can be well approximated by a nonclassical Gaussian state exhibiting quadrature squeezing and sub-Poissonian statistics for the cold thermal reservoir. It is found a rapid increase in the mixedness, especially for the initial Fock states and superpositions of coherent states, during a very short time interval, and then for longer evolution times a decrease in the mixedness to the same, for all the initial states, and relatively low value of the nonclassical Gaussian state.