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The Rochester Conferences on Coherence and Quantum Optics and the Quantum Information and Measurement meeting

Single-Photon Differential-Phase-Shift Quantum Key Distribution

Chang Liu, Shanchao Zhang, Luwei Zhao, Peng Chen, C. –H. F. Fung, H. F. Chau, M. M. T. Loy, Shengwang Du

Published Jan 1, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution using narrowband heralded single photons with amplitude-phase modulations. We obtain a quantum bit error rate as low as 3.06% which meets the unconditional security requirement.
DOI
10.1364/qim.2013.w6.40

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Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises unconditional security for communication. However, the random choices of the measurement basis in QKD usually result in low key creation efficiency. This drawback is overcome in the differential-phase-shift QKD, provided that each photon can be prepared in a large number of time slots with a proper waveform. In this work we develop a miniature room-temperature 1550-nm single-photon source to generate narrowband single photon in 50 time slots with a nearly optimal waveform for achieving unity key creation efficiency. By utilizing these single photons in the field test, we demonstrate the differential-phase-shift QKD with a key creation efficiency of 97%. Our work shows that the practical QKD can benefit from the narrowband single photons with controllable waveforms.
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We propose an efficient phase-encoding quantum secret key generation scheme with heralded narrow-band single photons. The key information is carried by the phase modulation directly on the single-photon temporal waveform. We show that when the technique is applied to the conventional single photon phase-encoding BB84 and differential phase shift (DPS) quantum key distribution schemes, the key generation efficiencies can be improved by factors of 2 and 3, respectively. For N(≥3)-period DPS systems, the key generation efficiency can be improved by a factor of N. The technique is suitable for quantum-memory-based long-distance fiber communication systems.